At the end of WW2 the US formed and controlled the government of Japan. So, your question assumes the Japanese wanted change and they wanted to be like the west. They had no choice since they lost the war. It was several years before the government was turned over to the Japanese.
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Representative Democracy
A strong central government because for over 200 years, the pax romana helped solidify a strong central government by building sophistiated road systems, establishing a universal language, exercising greater dgrees of direct democracy, all with a large army. this unified the vast empire.
That the political system was broken and the Empire was no longer strong and cohesive enough to resist takeover by Eurasian peoples moving in.
beacause they were losers
Medieval Europe was ruled by kings and aristocratic families.