The word 'Israeli' refers to a person or thing relating to the modern nation of Israel. The word 'Israelite' refers to a person or thing relating to the ancient kingdom of Israel or more generally, to the children of Israel, primarily before the founding of the kingdom. Note however that the words 'Israelite' and 'Hebrew' continued to be used as a euphemism for Jews into the 20th century because, in the English-speaking world, the word 'Jew' had such negative connotations that it was not used in polite conversation. The word Jew has largely been rehabilitated, at least in the English-speaking world.
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