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In the case of West Germany, American aid was essential for the creation of a sound economy, though quite a lot of credit should in fairess also go to the immense hard work that Germans put into reconstruction. Both the economic recovery and the success of democracy owe much to the Cold War and the long post-WW2 boom. Many historians, and most older Germans that I know, say that it was above all the Berlin Airlift of 1948-49 that finally 'swung' public opinion in favour of the West. Many Germans had expected that the West would do a deal with Stalin, possibly swapping West Berlin for Thuringia or something along those lines. They were delighted when the West replied to the blockade with the airlift. West Berlin had a population of about two million and everything except water had to be flown in. Bear in mind, too, how small transport planes were in the late 1940s. After the currency reform of 1948, which was financed by America, the West German economy began to prosper. The following year the West German states agreed on a new, democratic constitution and elected the Bundestag. That said, it took a while for democratic attitudes to become firmly established.

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