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It had no great significance. It was costly in casualties on both sides, and was more-or-less a draw in tactical terms. The Confederates did withdraw, but they were still barring the way to Chattanooga. And it would take Rosecrans a few months to get his battered army back into shape. Perhaps this notional victory offered the Government a little good cheer, to offset the miserable reports coming in from Virginia at the time of Burnside's Mud March.
The Battle of Jutland in 1916 was the only time the German fleet put to sea in force. The Royal Navy countered this move, though the Germans inflicted damages & then withdrew to their home waters. It might be seen as a tactical Victory for the German Navy, but in terms of Strategy it was a British victory, if that makes sense...........
The Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942) was a Japanese victory in terms of the battle, but prevented the invasion of New Guinea and reduced the number o f carriers available to the Japanese fleet. The subsequent Battle of Midway (June 1942) was a resounding defeat of the Japanese naval forces, sinking 4 carriers (4 of the 6 that had attacked Pearl Harbor).
It means that even though the battle was won, it was so expensive in terms of men and material that the battle might as well have been lost.
In very general terms it was the Confederate Army of Mississippi against the Union Army of the Tennessee. On the second day of the Battle the Union Army of the Ohio had arrived and joined the fight. An "Order of Battle" is a list of all units within a particular command at a certain date, or in a battle. See the "related links" below for complete Union and Confederate Orders of Battle.