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The main infantry weapons were rifled muskets with bayonets. Soldiers in a few units had new repeating rifles but these were not common until near the end of the war. Officers usually had six-shooter pistols and swords.

Artillery was heavily used. Artillery ranged from 3 pound copper cannons ('grasshoppers') dating from the Revolution to huge mortars. Ten and 12-pound guns were common. Cannon were using canister (like a giant shotgun), hard shot (iron balls), percussive shot (cannon balls that exploded on impact) and fused shot (cannon balls that exploded when a fuse burned down, allowing them to burst in air). Movies mainly show use of percussive shot but canister and fused shot were very common.

Balloons were used to help direct artillery fire.

Both sides used sailing ships and steamships. The south built a submarine which sank a Union ship near Charleston. Both sides built armored ships called ironclads.

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