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Embedded in the semi-permeable cell membrane are many different types of carrier proteins or channel proteins. These globular proteins allow the transport of specific substances from the outside of the cell into the cell or vice versa.

Specific means each protein can only transport one type of substance across. For example, Protein A can transport Substance X but not Substance Y. Substance Y has to be transported by Protein B which cannot transport Substance X. The specific nature of these globular proteins mean it is easier for these molecules to be transported.

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