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DNA is made up four nucleotide bases,a pentose sugar and a phosphate. The four nucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. Due to the nature of these molecules they fall into two groups called purines ( adenine an guanine) and pyrimidines ( cytosine and thymine). The bases have complimentary base pairing causing the double helix shape of DNA. adenine always bonds with thymjine and guanine with cytosine. So you can predict what the base sequence of one strand the other strand will be the opposite base pairing, for example if you know that a strand is AGAACTG the complimentary strand is TCTTGAC.

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