LIZARDS (Order Squamata, Sub-order Lacertila)

____ Six-lined racerunner Cnemidophorus sexlineatus 5, 6

____ Coal lizard Eumeces anthracinus (H)

____ Five-lined skink Eumeces fasciatus

____ Broadhead skink Eumeces laticeps C, S

____ Western slender glass lizard Ophisaurus a. attenuatus W

____ Eastern slender glass lizard Ophisaurus a. longicaudatus (H)

____ Common wall lizard Padarcis muralis (H)

____ Northern fence lizard Sceloporus undulates S

____ Ground skink Scincella lateralis 5, 6

SNAKES (Order Squamata, Sub-order Serpentes)

____ Northern copperhead ** Agkistrodon contortrix S

____ Western cottonmouth ** Agkistrodon piscivorus(SE)

____ Midwest worm snake Carphophis vermis helenae S

____ Northern scarlet snake Cemophora coccinea copei 6, 7 (SE)

____ Kirtland's snake Clonophis kirtlandii (SE)

____ Blue racer Coluber constictor foxii N, C

____ Northern black racer Coluber c. constrictor (H)

____ Southern black racer Coluber c. priapus S

____ Timber rattlesnake ** Crotalus horridus S (SE)

____ Northern ringneck snake Diadophis punctatus edwardsii

____ Black rat snake Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta

____ Gray rat snake Elaphe obsoleta spiloides 5

____ Western fox snake Elaphe v. vulpine 1, 3

____ Western mud snake Farancia abacura reinwardtii (SE)

____ Eastern hognose snake Heterodon platirhinos

____ Prairie king snake Lampropeltis c. calligaster W

____ Black kingsnake Lampropeltis getula nigra 5, 6

____ Red milk snake Lampropeltis t. syspila 5

____ Eastern milk snake Lampropeltis t. triangulum N, C

____ Northern copperbelly Nerodia e. neglecta 2, 5, 7 (FT,SE)

____ Diamondback water snake Nerodia rhombifer 5

____ Midland water snake Nerodia sipedon pleuralis S

____ Northern banded water snake Nerodia sipedon sipedon

____ Rough green snake Opheodrys aestivus S (SC)

____ Smooth green snake Opheodrys vernalis (SE)

____ Bullsnake Pituophis catenifer 1, 5

____ Graham's crayfish snake Regina grahamii 1 (H)

____ Queen snake Regina septemvittata

____ Eastern massasauga ** Sistrurus c. catenatus N (SE)

____ Midland brown snake Storeria dekayi wrightorum

____ Northern redbelly snake Storeria occipitomaculata

____ Southeastern crowned snake Tantilla coronata(SE)

____ Butler's garter snake Thamnophis butleri 2, 4 ( SE)

____ Eastern plains garter snake Thamnophis radix 1, 3

____ Red-sided garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis 1

____ Eastern garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

____ Western ribbon snake Thamnophis p. proximus 1 (SC)

____ Eastern ribbon snake Thamnophis s. sauritus N, C

____ Northern ribbon snake Thamnophis s. serpentrionalisS

____ Lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum (H)

____ Western smooth earth snake Virginia valeriae elegansS

AMPHIBIANS

SALAMANDERS (Order Caudata)

____ Streamside salamander Ambystoma barbouri 6, 7

____ Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum S

____ Blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale N (SC)

____ Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum

____ Marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum C, S

____ Smallmouth salamander Ambystoma texanum

____ Eastern tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum

____ Green salamander Aneides aeneus S (SE)

____ Eastern hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis S (SE)

____ Northern dusky salamander Desmognathus f. fuscus 4, 6, 7

____ Southern two-lined salamander Eurycea cirrigera C, S

____ Longtail salamander Eurycea l. longicauda S

____ Cave salamander Eurycea lucifuga S

____ Northern spring salamander Gyrinophilus p porphyriticus (H)

____ Four-toed salamander Hemidactylium scutatum N (SE)

____ Common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus (SC)

____ Red-spotted (Central) newt Notophthalmus viridescens

____ Redback salamander Plethodon cinereus

____ Eastern zigzag salamander Plethodon d. dorsalis C, S

____ Northern slimy salamander Plethodon glutinosus C, S

____ Ravine salamander Plethodon richmondi 4, 6, 7

____ Northern red salamander Pseudotriton r. ruber C, S (SE)

____ Midland mud salamander Pseudotriton m. diastictus(H)

____ Western lesser siren Siren intermedia nettingi N, W

FROGS and TOADS (Order Anura)

____ Blanchard's cricket frog Acris crepitans blanchardi

____ American toad Bufo americanus

____ Dwarf American toad Bufo a. charlesmithi S (H)

____ Fowler's toad Bufo woodhouseii fowleri

____ Eastern narrowmouth toad Gastrophryne carolinensis(H)

____ Green treefrog Hyla cinerea (H)

____ Eastern gray treefrog Hyla versicolor

____ Cope's gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis

____ Bird-voiced treefrog Hyla avivoca (H)

____ Northern spring peeper Pseudacris c. crucifer

____ Western (Striped) chorus frog Pseudacris t. triseriata N

____ Upland chorus frog Pseudacris t. feriarum S

____ Mountain chorus frog Pseudacris brachyphona (H)

____ Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

____ Green frog Rana clamitans melanota

____ Wood frog Rana sylvatica

____ Northern leopard frog Rana pipiens N, E (SC)

____ Southern leopard frog Rana utricularia S

____ Plains leopard frog Rana blairi W (SC)

____ Pickerel frog Rana palustris 1, 3, 5

____ Northern crawfish frog Rana a. circulosa 3, 5 (SE)

____ Eastern spadefoot toad Scapiopus holbrookii 6 (SC)

Arizona elegans Glossy Snake Bogertophis rosaliaeBaja California Rat Snake Bogertophis subocularisTrans-Pecos Rat Snake Carphophis amoenus Worm Snake Cemophora coccinea Scarlet Snake Chilomeniscus cinctus Banded Sand Snake Chionactis occipitalis Western Shovelnose Snake Chionactis palarostris Sonoran Shovelnose Snake Clonophis kirtlandii Kirtland's Snake Coluber constrictor Racer Coniophanes imperialis Black-striped Snake Contia tenuis Sharptail Snake Diadophis punctatus Ringneck Snake Drymarchon corais Indigo Snake Drymobius margaritiferus Speckled Racer Elaphe bairdii Baird's Rat Snake Elaphe emoryi Emory's Rat Snake Elaphe guttata Corn Snake Elaphe obsoletaCommon Rat Snake Elaphe slowinskii Slowinski's Corn Snake Elaphe vulpina Fox Snake Farancia abacura Mud Snake Farancia erytrogramma Rainbow Snake Ficimia streckeriMexican Hooknose Snake Gyalopion canum Western Hooknose Snake Gyalopion quadrangulare Desert Hooknose Snake Heterodon nasicus Western Hognose Snake Heterodon platirhinos Eastern Hognose Snake | Picture 2 Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake Hypsiglena torquata Night Snake Lampropeltis alterna Gray-banded Kingsnake Lampropeltis calligaster Prairie Kingsnake Lampropeltis getula Common Kingsnake Lampropeltis pyromelana Sonora Mountain Kingsnake Lampropeltis triangulum Milk Snake Lampropeltis zonata California Mountain Kingsnake Leptodeira septentrionalis Cat-eyed Snake Masticophis bilineatus Sonoran Whipsnake Masticophis flagellumCoachwhip Masticophis lateralis Striped Racer Masticophis taeniatus Striped Whipsnake Nerodia clarkii Salt Marsh Snake Nerodia cyclopion Mississippi Green Water Snake Nerodia erythrogaster Plainbelly Water Snake Nerodia fasciata Southern Water Snake Nerodia floridana Florida Green Water Snake Nerodia harteri Brazos Water Snake Nerodia paucimaculata Concho Water Snake Nerodia rhombifer Diamondback Water Snake Nerodia sipedonNothern Water Snake Nerodia taxispilota Brown Water Snake Opheodrys aestivus Rough Green Snake Opheodrys vernalis Smooth Green Snake Oxybelis aeneus Mexican Vine Snake Phyllorhynchus browni Saddle Leafnose Snake Phyllorhynchus decurtatus Spotted Leafnose Snake Pituophis catenifer Gopher Snake Pituophis melanoleucus PineSnake Regina alleni Striped Crayfish Snake Regina grahamii Graham's Crayfish Snake Regina rigida Glossy Crayfish Snake Regina septemvittata Queen Snake Rhadinaea flavilata Pine Woods Snake Rhinocheilus lecontei Longnose Snake Salvadora derserticola Big Bend Patchnose Snake Salvadora grahamiae Mountain Patchnose Snake Salvadora hexalepis Western Patchnose Snake Seminatrix pygaea Black Swamp Snake Senticolis triaspis Green Rat Snake Sonora semiannulata Ground Snake Stilosoma extenuatum Short-tailed Snake Storeria dekayi Brown Snake Storeria occipitomaculata Redbelly Snake Tantilla atriceps Mexican Blackhead Snake Tantilla coronataSoutheastern Crowned Snake Tantilla gracilis Flathead Snake Tantilla hobartsmithi Southwestern Blackhead Snake Tantilla nigriceps Plains Blackhead Snake Tantilla oolitica Rim Rock Crowned Snake Tantilla planicepsWestern Blackhead Snake Tantilla relicta Florida Crowned Snake Tantilla rubra Big Bend Blackhead Snake Tantilla wilcoxi Chihuahuan Blackhead Snake Tantilla yaquia Yaqui Blackhead Snake Thamnophis atratus Santa Cruz Garter Snake Thamnophis brachystoma Shorthead Garter Snake Thamnophis butleri Butler's Garter Snake

Thamnophis couchi Western Aquatic Garter Snake Thamnophis cyrtopsis Blackneck Garter Snake Thamnophis elegans Western Terrestrial Garter Snake Thamnophis eques Mexican Garter Snake Thamnophis gigas Giant Garter Snake Thamnophis marcianus Checkered Garter Snake Thamnophis ordinoides Northwestern Garter Snake Thamnophis proximus Western Ribbon Snake Thamnophis radix Plains Garter Snake Thamnophis rufipunctatusNarrowhead Garter Snake Thamnophis sauritus Eastern Ribbon Snake Thamnophis sirtalis Common Garter Snake Trimorphodon biscutatus Lyre Snake Tropidoclonion lineatum Lined Snake Virginia striatula Rough Earth Snake Virginia valeriae Smooth Earth Snake ---- == == The cobra family is thought to have evolved from Colubrid snakes and many appear very similar in appearance with long, slender bodies and large scales (plates) on the head. They differ in having more advanced venom delivery systems than the venomous Colubrids. Elapids have fangs that are "effectively tubular" in that the fangs contain grooves that are enclosed by an infolding of the edges. The fangs are in the front of the mouth rather than the rear as is seen in venomous Colubrids. The Elapidae contains some of the world's most dangerous snakes including cobras (Naja), mambas (Dendroaspis) and sea snakes (Hydophinae and Laticaudinae). Elapids are found worldwide and in Ausralia are the predominant family. In North America, three species of elapids are found, two species of coral snakes and one sea snake. The coral snakes are relatively small snakes that spend most of their time underground. Their primary food is other snakes. Despite their small size and small fangs, their venom is extremely toxic. Micruroides euryxanthusWestern Coral Snake Micrurus fulvius Eastern Coral Snake Pelamis platurus Yellowbelly Sea Snake ---- == == The vipers are generally considered to be the most advanced family of snakes since they possess a very sophisticated venom delivery system. Large tubular fangs are placed in the front of the mouth and they are hinged, allowing them to be folded back when not in use. Their heads are covered with numerous small scales and their eyes have vertically eliptical pupils. All the vipers found in North America are in the subfamily of pit vipers (Crotalinae) having a pair of heat sensing pits located between each eye and nostril. The rattlesnakes are a truly American family of pit vipers since they are not found in the Old World and all but two species are found in the U.S. or Mexico. They are divided between two genera based on their head scales. Members of the genus Crotalus have numerous small scales on their heads while members of the genus Sistrurus have large scales (plates) on their heads. Agkistrodon contortrix Copperhead Agkistrodon piscivorus Cottonmouth Crotalus adamanteus Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus atrox Western Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes Sidewinder Crotalus enyo Lower California rattlesnake Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake Crotalus lepidus Rock Rattlesnake Crotalus mitchellii Speckled Rattlesnake Crotalus molossus Blacktail Rattlesnake Crotalus pricei Twin-spotted Rattlesnake Crotalus ruber Red Diamond Rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus Mojave Rattlesnake Crotalus tigris Tiger Rattlesnake Crotalus viridis Western Rattlesnake Crotalus willardi Ridgenose Rattlesnake Sistrurus catenatus Massasauga Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake ----