Atoms and Atomic Structure

When an atom emits light an electron has fallen from a higher orbit to a lower orbit. The amount of energy the emitted photon has will equal the energy difference between the initial and final orbits.

All carbon isotopes have 6 protons. That's what makes them carbon.

According to the definition by IUPAC, the mass of a mold of carbon-12 isotope is exactly 12.0000 g.

Actually, there is only one electron in a hydrogen atom, which has the atomic number 1.

The existance of exactly two electrons in the innermost shell can be described by Shrodinger's Wave Equation. According to the Wave Equation, there is only one atomic orbital existing in the principal quantum number 1 energy level which is also known as 1s. Any atomic orbital can hold 2 electrons at most and it is the reason that every atom other than hydrogen have exactly 2 electrons in their innermost energy level.

Atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur are known to form multiple bonds. For example, carbon can form double or triple bonds with other carbon atoms or with atoms like oxygen or nitrogen. Nitrogen can form triple bonds with itself to create nitrogen gas, while oxygen can form double bonds with other oxygen atoms in molecules like O2.

By atomic models I assume you mean how we say an atom works and is arranged.

There have been three major atomic models in history:

The plum-pudding model said that negatively-charged particles (the precursor to electrons) were suspended in a positively-charged "soup" (the plum pudding).

Rutheford disproved this model with his experiments, which led to Niels Bohr inventing the Bohr model of the atom, which has electrons orbiting the nucleus in predefined orbits (called "orbitals"). Although we know that the Bohr model is incorrect, it is very close to the correct (quantum-mechanical) model, so that's what is taught in most elementary and high schools.

Nowadays, only the third model is considered correct: the quantum mechanical model. It is based on Max Planck's quantum theory and involves electrons flying around in three-dimensional clouds (also called "orbitals"). The QM model is pretty complex but it's rather simple compared to string theory and other physics concepts.

covalent bonds

a bond (any type of bond, but JUST the word bond!)

To the nearest gram, molar mass of aluminium carbonate is 234 g/mol.

The gram atomic mass of Au is 196.967. Therefore, 42.0000 g contains 42.0000/196.92 or 0.213234 gram atoms of gold. The number of atoms is 0.213234 X Avogadro's Number or 1.28412 X 1023 atoms.

The number of electrons in each energy level is governed by the formula 2n^2, where n represents the principal quantum number. For example, the first energy level (n=1) can hold up to 2 electrons, the second level (n=2) can hold up to 8 electrons, and so on.

It is true. A compound contains two or more different type of atoms.

A methane molecule (CH4) consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. The carbon atom has six electrons, and the hydrogen atoms have one electron each, making a total of 10 electrons in the molecule. Neutrons are only present in the nucleus of an atom, so the methane molecule (CH4) does not contain any neutrons because the nuclei of carbon and hydrogen atoms do not have any neutrons in this case.

The atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another instead of being in a solid form due to the intermolecular forces of attraction. The intermolecular forces are too weak to hold onto the molecules in a solid form.

No, rubbing does not convert neutrons to protons. Neutrons and protons are fundamental particles present in the nucleus of an atom and cannot be interconverted by rubbing. Rubbing may generate static electricity by transferring electrons between objects, but it does not change the fundamental composition of atomic nuclei.

The neutron is the particle of an atom that has zero charge. It is located in the nucleus along with protons and contributes to the overall mass of the atom without affecting its charge.

it isn't - the number of electrons in an atom will be the same as the proton number of that atom, but the mass of an atom includes the number of neutrons, and in every stable element heavier than hydrogen, the number of neutrons is the same as or greater than the number of protons. Also, the mass will vary between isotopes of the same element, which will contain the same number of protons and hence electrons but a different number of neutrons. Generally, in stable nuclei, as the number of electrons in an atom in creases, the mass increases as well, but these are not directly linked as to be stable, heavier nuclei require a greater proportion of neutrons in the nuclei so will have a greater mass to electron number ratio

Silicon has 14. Germanium has 32. You figure it out.

One gram of ozone contains approximately 5 x 10^19 ozone molecules, which means it includes the same number of oxygen atoms. Since each ozone molecule consists of three oxygen atoms, one gram of ozone contains roughly 1.67 x 10^20 oxygen atoms.

molicules=3(6.02*10^23)

=18.06*10^23

atoms=1*18.06*10^23

=18.06*10^23

Neutrons are the particles found in an atom that have no charge. They are located in the nucleus along with protons, which are positively charged, and electrons, which are negatively charged and surround the nucleus.

A substance decomposes when the chemical bonds holding its molecules together break down. This can happen through various processes like heat, light, or exposure to other chemicals, causing the substance to break down into simpler compounds or elements.

There are 57 atoms in one molecule of nonane. Nonane has a molecular formula of C9H20, which consists of 9 carbon atoms and 20 hydrogen atoms.

The atomic number tells you the number of protons. For instance oxygen has an atomic number of 8, and hence it has 8 protons. Electrons are slightly more complicated. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is always the same as the number of protons. However, if the atom is charged (i.e. it is an ion), it may have more electrons than protons (negatively charged) or less electrons than protons (positively charged).