Battle of Vicksburg

The Union troops crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate troops out of Vicksburg

ANSWER

The siege and battle of Vicksburg take place from May 19 to July 4,1863.

The battle of Gettysburg take place from July 1 to July 3,1863.

General Ulysses Grant gained a significant advantage for the Union by winning at Vicksburg. His victory split the Confederate states at the Mississippi and denied them the use of the river for transporting supplies. His success there - followed by his success in the Chattanooga campaign also helped convince Lincoln to put him in charge of the entire Union Army.

Better said was the "battles to capture Vicksburg". At least three Union attempts failed to actually capture the city fortress of Vicksburg. Only via a siege was the city captured. And, yes this at last gave the Union full control of the Mississippi River. This was now the western base from which to launch assaults on either side of the river.

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Vicksburg was not so much a battle but a siege. The Confederates remained behind their defenses while the Union surrounded the city, cut off their supplies and the possibility of relief or reinforcement , and starved them out.

Mississippi River.

Many casaul historians continue to believe that the capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi "cut the Confederacy in half". This is a false idea simply based on the fact that only three of the eleven Rebel states were west of the Mississippi and Louisiana was already partially occupied by Union troops that were garrisoned in New Orleans. Based on logistics and military positions of the Southern forces, the so-called "cut in half" premise ignores the facts of the importance of the fall of Vicksburg in 1863.

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General Grant planned to capture Vicksburg because if he succeeded, the United States would be one step closer to executing their plan to defeat the Confederate States. The US had a plan known as the Anaconda Plan to defeat the Confederate States. Their plan was to blockade Southern ports, seize control of the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in half, and attack the Confederacy from all sides to surround them. General Grant's plan to capture Vicksburg complies with the seizing of the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in half.

Not to count the Battle of Gettysburg, which was fought and concluded one day before the surrendering of Vicksburg, the major battle fought after was that of Chickamauga, on Sept. 19-20, 1863.

Grant received Pemberton's surrender on July 4th, 1863.

Lincoln most likely never said it. The quote is from Admiral (then Captain) Porter's recollections, allegedly stated while planning with McClellan the campaign to take New Orleans via a waterborne invasion.

However, the resulting invasion did not mark Vicksburg as a strategic target. On the army side, McClellan mentioned New Orleans, the forts guarding the approaches to New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Mobile, and the occupation of Jackson Mississippi as well as linking up with the brown water navy from the north. On the navy side, Farragut had rather vague instructions to link up with the brown-water fleet to put pressure on Beauregard to abandon Corinth. After Corinth fell, secretary Welles of the Navy wrote Farragut "the value of Vicksburg has been greatly reduced" and ordered him to withdraw to the Gulf of Mexico.

The focus on Vicksburg would escalate slowly over a span of 6 months, which calls into question Porter's assertion. Making Porter's story even more suspect are conversations that he had with Grant later in his recollections that are demonstrably impossible. Chalk this quote up as one of those things people believe Lincoln said but never did ... such as "I can't spare this man, he fights!"

The Union used multiple types of tactics against the city fortress of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The first assaults began in 1862 and Union gunboats tried to disable the city by using gunboat fire. This did not work. Another tactic was to try and divert the flow of the Mississippi River and thereby enable Union forces to place artillery in a better position to bombard Vicksburg. This proved to be to difficult to accomplish and was abandoned. Finally, the successful tactic was the siege of Vicksburg. Running low on food and hit with diseases, Vicksburg was captured by US Grant's siege of the city. Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, 1863.

Vicksburg is in Mississippi.

758,000

Steep cliffs above the river.

Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton surrendered the Vicksburg fortress after more than six painful weeks of fighting and starvation.

The Union won The siege of Vicksburg.

The citizens resisted Grants attack by keeping him out of Vicksburg. What ends up happening is Grants forces stop food from going into Vicksburg forcing Vicksburg to surrender.

General Grant was in the Western Theatre of the war, laying siege to the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi.

The Mississippi - a key highway for troops and supplies. It also meant that all Confederate units West of the river were cut off.

They surrounded the river-port of Vicksburg, the last big Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi.

When it became finalized that Confederate Joseph Johnston would try to save Vicksburg, he sent a message to General Pemberton informing him of his plans. Johnston planned on attacking the Union troops surrounding Vicksburg on July 7, 1863. Johnston sent the message on July 3, 1863. Pemberton received it after Vicksburg had surrendered.

Siezing control of the Mississippi River was an important goal of the Union Navy because it was the major means of transportation and logistical communications in the U.S. interior.

When Vicksburg surrendered, more than 30,000 Confederate soldiers and 15 generals fell in Union hands. Furthermore the Federals seized 260 guns, 38,000 projectiles, 25,832 kilograms of powder, about 60,000 rifled Enfield muskets.

Because Grant pursued the Confederates back into their lines and starved them out.