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Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the technology of large-scale chemical production and the manufacture of products through chemical processes. Today, the field of chemical engineering is a diverse one, covering areas from biotechnology and nanotechnology to mineral processing.
1,464 Questions
What is height of transfer unit?
The height of a transfer unit (HTU) is a measure used in mass transfer operations, particularly in distillation and absorption processes. It quantifies the efficiency of a mass transfer column by representing the height of packing or the distance over which a unit transfer of mass occurs. A lower HTU indicates a more efficient column, as it requires less height to achieve the same mass transfer. HTU is influenced by factors such as the type of packing, flow rates, and physical properties of the fluids involved.
What is the difference between reverse process and equilibrium?
A reversible process is one which can be reversed and causes no changes in the system or surroundings. For a process in equilibrium, the rate of the forward process equals the rate of the reverse process (which can be, but is not necessarily equal to zero).
Explain the term selective solubility?
selective solubility is a separation technique toremove a compound of a mixture. one of the compounds is highly soluble in the medium, whereas the other compound(s) are insoluble. in such a way the compound requested can be removed and purified
Why does the scheduling function depend on the planning function?
The scheduling function depend on the planning function because of the time table needed to finish the project, an overall window of when the project must be completed. But the planning need to be established first, a plan or network diagram that graphically portray those activities in the appropriate interdependent sequence,which will accomplish the project work scope. (Gido & Clements, Successful Project Management, 2009, 2006, Scheduling, p. 156. para. 3,5). For example: I have decided to bake a birthday cake for my grandson in three days. I first need to plan what kind of cake I wish to bake, have I all the necessary ingredients to get started? How long will it take me to finish the whole process before the time of the party? After gathering all my ingredients, I need to know the time it takes to bake, how long for cooling needed before decorating the cake, and the time frame in which I need to start in order to have it all done in adequate time before the party. Gido & Clements, Successful Project Management, 2009, 2006, Scheduling
How do you use a glycol chiller in my brewery?
Glycol chiller used when beer brewing. This tasked with cooling the propylene glycol. its a food grade anti freeze which require to cool food products.But there are some restriction to use propylene and must to follow the USP grade.Its need chiller system which evolve with compressor, evaporator,condenser and pump.
You can read a article from kinnek.com where lot of information available about glycol chiller.
These are used to measure flow rate.
Orifice PlateWith an orifice plate, the fluid flow is measured through the difference in pressure from the upstream side to the downstream side of a partially obstructed pipe. The plate obstructing the flow offers a precisely measured obstruction that narrows the pipe and forces the flowing fluid to constrict.
The orifice plates are simple, cheap and can be delivered for almost any application in any material.
The TurnDown Rate for orifice plates are less than 5:1. Their accuracy are poor at low flow rates. A high accuracy depend on an orifice plate in good shape, with a sharp edge to the upstream side. Wear reduces the accur
Venturi TubeDue to simplicity and dependability, the Venturi tube flowmeter is often used in applications where it's necessary with higher TurnDown Rates, or lower pressure drops, than the orifice plate can provide.
In the Venturi Tube the fluid flowrate is measured by reducing the cross sectional flow area in the flow path, generating a pressure difference. After the constricted area, the fluid is passes through a pressure recovery exit section, where up to 80% of the differential pressure generated at the constricted area, is recovered.
With proper instrumentation and flow calibrating, the Venturi Tube flowrate can be reduced to about 10% of its full scale range with proper accuracy. This provides a TurnDown Rate 10:1.
Variable Area Flowmeter or RotameterThe rotameter consists of a vertically oriented glass (or plastic) tube with a larger end at the top, and a metering float which is free to move within the tube. Fluid flow causes the float to rise in the tube as the upward pressure differential and buoyancy of the fluid overcome the effect of gravity.
The float rises until the annular area between the float and tube increases sufficiently to allow a state of dynamic equilibrium between the upward differential pressure and buoyancy factors, and downward gravity factors.
The height of the float is an indication of the flow rate. The tube can be calibrated and graduated in appropriate flow units.
The rotameter meter typically have a TurnDown Ratio up to 12:1. The accuracy may be as good as 1% of full scale rating.
Magnetic floats can be used for alarm and signal transmission functions.
Pitot TubesThe pitot tube are one the most used (and cheapest) ways to measure fluid flow, especially in air applications as ventilation and HVAC systems, even used in airplanes for the speed measurent.
The pitot tube measures the fluid flow velocity by converting the kinetic energy of the flow into potential energy.
The use of the pitot tube is restricted to point measuring. With the "annubar", or multi-orifice pitot probe, the dynamic pressure can be measured across the velocity profile, and the annubar obtains an averaging effect.
Ionization is the process of removing one or more electrons from a neutral atom. This results
in the loss of units of negative charge by the affected atom. The atom becomes electrically
positive (a positive ion). The products of a single ionizing event are called an electron-ion pair.
What is the emissivity of black body?
Emissivity of the black body is 1. And this is probably the reason that the condenser of refrigerator is painted black to loose heat efficiently by radiation ,though there are other modes of heat transfer like conduction and convection which is not affected by colour of the body
How do the water purity standards differ for the various uses?
The standards differ because different usages require different standards. For example, drinking water requires chemical treatment and biological treatment, while water for steam generation (Industrial) requires separation of ion and dissolved gasses to prevent either corrosion or fouling. If the water is used for processes, the treatment will focus on removing impurities that have great impact on the balance of the process. Another reason why the standards are different is because of the treatment cost that differs based on each standard.
How much money does a process engineer earn?
entry level min. 65-70K
after that depends on experience level
How to Convert 56 liters to meter squared?
Cant be done liters have 3 dimensions square meters have 2
What is the difference between volume and mass?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object, and volume is the amount of space something takes up (example, air takes up space)
Can you get fired from your job at an chemical plant and a ammonia plant?
Sure! You can get fired from any job.
However, if it's a union plant, you need to have done something wrong to get fired. A union will keep a good worker from getting fired just because the boss doesn't like him; it won't keep a bad worker from getting fired for a hazardous act.
I think you mean the company will be on fire due to the chemicals they are manufacturing? then the answer is it is unlikely. All the production plant will have strict regulations to prevent any disaster and they wont let you fire the whole industry.
What is material balance in sponge iron production?
Material balance in sponge iron is nothing but calculating input chargeing material into the roatary kiln comparing to the output.
Output refers the DRI,Gases,Ash,Char,Dolo Char,Lumps,Fines
BHQ if Iron ore is used
When is thermal relief required on a liquid line?
Thermal relief is required on any liquid line where there is heat input and the line does not have an open path to flow to in the event of a failure scenario (blocked outlet, instrument air failure, general or single power failure, etc.).
A classic example is the blocked outlet case of the cold side of a shell and tube heat exchanger. If the cold side flow is blocked between the discharge of a pump and the outlet of the exchanger the heating medium will continue to transfer heat and the liquid will expand and have the potential for thermal relief.
Thermal relief is also required for cooling water exchangers on the cooling water side; however, some facilities keep administrative controls (car sealed open valves) on the cooling water lines to ensure such as scenario does not occur. These facilites would not typically provide thermal relief devices on their cooling water exchangers.
