A prefix is a syllable placed in front of a word to add or to change its meaning.

Prefix -- Meaning -- Example

1) anti -- against, opposite -- anti-fungal, antidepressant

2) auto -- self -- autograph, automobile

3) bi -- two -- bicycle, bivalve

4) con -- with -- contact, conform, converse

5) un -- not -- unconvincing, unnatural, unprepared

6) re -- again -- revisit, reenter

7) a, an -- not, without -- amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial

8) ab -- away from -- abduction, abstain, abnormal

9) ambi -- both -- ambidextrous, ambivalent

10) centro, centri -- around, center -- concentric, centrifugal

11) dis -- apart, not -- disengage, discord, discomfort

A suffix is a set of letters added at the end of a word to make another word or as an inflexion. It can alter the spelling of words when changing the part of speech.

Suffix -- Meaning -- Example

1) -er -- doer -- teacher

2) -able -- able to -- unbelievable

3) -ous -- full of -- dangerous

4) -ness -- state of being -- happiness

5) -ful -- full of -- wonderful

6) -ly or y --like -- gently, wintry

7) -ment --state of -- government

8) -cide -- kill(ing) -- patricide, infanticide, herbicide, suicide

9) -logy -- study field of -- biology, geology, etymology, cardiology

10) -phobia -- exaggerated fear -- photophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia

More research is needed to get a conclusive answer, but some studies have suggested that eating a nutritious meal in the morning does help to kickstart your metabolism. Nutritious is the keyword here, as there’s obviously a big difference between eggs and donuts when it comes to a beneficial breakfast. It’s also been shown that going without breakfast is associated with a higher Body Mass Index. The weight aspect aside, most experts seem to be in favor of a well-balanced breakfast that includes protein, whole grain, and a fruit or vegetable.

However, the tagline "breakfast is the most important meal of the day" was actually coined by cereal companies as a marketing tactic, so it’s fair to be a little skeptical of breakfast’s supposed benefits. And what’s more, there’s some research to back up that skepticism—one recent review found no significant weight management benefits to eating breakfast.

"The key message is that if a person likes to eat breakfast, that is fine. However, there is no evidence that we should be encouraging people to change their eating pattern to include breakfast in order to prevent weight gain or obesity," Flavia Cicuttini, senior author of the review, said.

If it helps, you’re not the only one. According to a 2015 study, people touch their faces an average of 23 times per hour. That’s a pretty tough habit to break, but doing so could significantly decrease your risk of contracting infections.

One of the most common ways for infections to spread is when you touch something, picking up a germ, and then rub your eyes, nose, or mouth. To kick the habit, experts in hand hygiene (which, yes, is a real thing you can be an expert in) suggest changing something in your environment, like wearing something on your hands or face, to make you realize you’re touching your face. If you’re aware you’re doing it, you can train yourself to stop. And if you really need to scratch your nose or something, they suggest covering your hand in a tissue.

Not really. Obviously, sanitizer is better than nothing, but washing your hands is preferable in a variety of circumstances.

There are certain kinds of germs that sanitizers aren’t great at getting rid of, and many people don’t use them properly (not using enough or wiping it off prematurely, for example). Hand washing is also a better option when your hands are visibly greasy or dirty, and it’s much better at getting rid of harmful chemicals like pesticides.

However, hand washing isn’t always convenient, and there are so many cute and good-smelling hand sanitizers in the world, it would be a shame to forsake them entirely. If you use hand sanitizers, you want one with at least 60 percent alcohol for maximum effectiveness.

HOW MANY CALORIES ARE IN EGGS

Here are the calorie counts for both cooked and uncooked eggs.

Boiled or plainly poached eggs:

• 54 calories in 1 small size boiled or poached egg
• 63-70 calories in 1 medium size boiled or poached egg
• 77-78 calories in 1 large size boiled or poached egg
  
• 80 calories in 1 extra large size boiled or poached egg
• 90 calories in 1 jumbo size boiled or poached egg
• 13 calories in 1 tablespoon of boiled or poached egg
• 211 calories in 1 cup (4. 8 oz, or 136g) of chopped boiled or poached eggs
• 43-44 calories in 1 ounce, or 28g, of boiled or poached egg

• 54 calories in 1 small size egg
• 63 calories in 1 medium size egg
• 72 -78 calories in 1 large size egg
• 80 calories in 1 extra large size egg
• 90 calories in 1 jumbo size egg

• 16-17 calories in the white of one large egg.

• 54-55 calories in one egg yolk from a large size chicken egg.

• HOW MANY CALORIES PER DAY (for weight loss or weight maintenance)
• THE CALORIES IN VEGETABLES CHART
• THE CALORIES IN FRUIT CHART

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Is there a nutritional difference between brown eggs and white eggs?

The most common medications used to treat ADHD are drugs belonging to a category of drugs called psychostimulants. These drugs include amphetamines such as Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts), Adderall XR (mixed amphetamine salts extended-release), Desoxyn (methamphetamine), Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine), Dexedrine Spansules (dextroamphetamine), and Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine). Many other stimulants contain methylphenidate, including drugs such as Ritalin, Methylin, Concerta, Metadate, Daytrana (methylphenidate transdermal).

Focalin (dexmethylphenidate) and Focalin XR (dexmethylphenidate extended-release) are, simply put, simply more potent forms of methylphenidate also used for ADHD.

Amphetamines work by increasing levels of the monoamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate have no clinically significant effect on serotonin.

By increasing extra cellular concentrations of monoamines there is increased receptor binding leading to enhanced cellular communication. For the most part the areas of the brain that are most stimulated are the under active areas that control impulse (and other things). As a result the under active areas "wake up" and are better able to control impulse and concentration.

Strattera (atomoxetine) is a non-stimulant FDA approved for ADHD typically used in people who fail to properly respond to stimulants, for people with substance abuse problems, and some doctors used Strattera as a first time treatment despite the fact Strattera is not nearly as effective as stimulants. Strattera is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, more similar to antidepressants than other FDA approved ADHD medication. Strattera acts by inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET), preventing norepinephrine from going back into the pre-synaptic cell which increased receptor binding.

The drugs Catapres (clonidine) and Tenex (guanfacine) are also popular and can be taken alone or more commonly taken with a stimulant. These drugs also reduce side effects like insomnia. The FDA has recently approved

Intuniv (guanfacine extended-release) and Kapvay (clonidine extended-release) for ADHD, particularly when taken with a stimulant.

Off label medication are sometimes used including the antidepressant Wellbutrin (bupropion), and the "wake promoting agents" Provigil, Alertec (modafinil) and Nuvigil (armodafanil). Typically these drugs are only used when traditional stimulants fail or are added to stimulants.

There are a number of other drugs that may be used depending on the severity and symptoms of the ADHD.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) including Tofranil (imipramine), Norpramin (desipramine), and Aventyl, Pamelor (nortriptyline) have some evidence they are useful for ADHD.

There is no "best" drug as each drug works differently with each individual. In some cases, medication is not effective for unknown reasons but 70-90% of people do respond to medication.

As always talk to your doctor about treatment.

Although conventional wisdom holds that humans need eight, 8-ounce glasses of water each day, the truth is a little more complicated. According to The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, an adequate daily fluid intake is about 125 ounces (3.7 liters) for men and about 91 ounces (2.7 liters) for women. However, keep in mind that these fluid intake guidelines include all sources of water, not just glasses of the stuff. In fact, we get about 20 percent of our daily water from what we eat, especially fruits and vegetables.

The truth is that when it comes to hydration, one size does not fit all. There are many factors that should influence an individual’s daily water intake, including where you live, your activity level, and your overall health. So while there is no scientific evidence that supports the “8x8 rule,” staying hydrated is still important. The best advice is to trust your own body, and when you’re thirsty, reach for water first.

It's not necessarily a danger sign. You may be simply offloading a high concentration of vitamin C (which, when you over-consume, simply dumps the excess to the urine), or betacarotene, the precursor to vitamin A, and the coloring agent in lots of orange fruits and veggies such as carrots or cantaloupe. Also, a lot of the B-vitamins can have this exact effect. If the urine is clear, this is a good sign and makes the vitamin density the most likely explanation.

It could also mean that you're somewhat dehydrated and you're expelling very rich urine. In that case - rehydrate! :} Note that this works better with liquids that have some electrolytes in them - some salts. These include sports drinks like Gatorade, various juices (such as orange, pineapple or tomato), or simply drinking water and having a banana or two (high in potassium - an electrolyte).

Far less common are cases of kidney problems. But if this is a new phenomenon for you, and has no other symptoms, I wouldn't worry unless it persists.

I would definitely rather be excreting excess vitamins in my bright yellow (normal) urine, than having clear urine and vitamin-starved body cells.

More comments from WikiAnswers contributors:

• Asparagus is another veggie that will make your urine bright yellow. Drink lots of water (8 glasses a day) and that will help to flush out the kidneys.

  Bright yellow urine can mean that your body is dehydrated and also it can mean you are highly acidic. Yellow urine indicates that a person is able to flush out acids stored in the body or that a person's body is not able to process the food that he is eating. If it is the first situation it is good. If it is second situation it is bad. Liver does not get any water if taken with meals or shortly afterward. Such water is flushed out of the body faster. One should drink 1 hour before meals to be able to get the water to the liver. Except for this period one should not drink water. Drinking one hours before meals will help water to stay in the body for a longer period and work on the acids and toxins for a longer time.

  Taking certain vitamins will turn your urine intensely yellow.

• Urine should be almost clear in color, if you're drinking enough clear fluids. The less you drink, the darker your urine will become, and some medications will affect urine color. If you're not taking meds, then up your water intake; drinking cranberry juice also helps the kidneys to flush any toxins which can lead to urinary tract infections.

  Water, water and more water! Six 8 oz. glasses a day is what is good for you, but even 4-5 will make a difference.

• To add, it is usually the B Vitamins, found either in multivitamins or as a additional supplement, that can make urine bright yellow or even orange. Other medications, such as ones for urinary tract infections, can do the same thing (such as phenazopydidine, AZO-standard, etc.). Read the information the pharmacy gives along with any prescription medication you are taking to see if this is a common side effect of them. Otherwise, you can certainly see a physician if you are concerned.

  Although this is a commonly mentioned "fact" in the news, there is no scientific evidence behind the "8 glasses of water a day" theory.

• Before you spend a bunch of money on supplements (many of which are useless), try drinking more water. Urine is yellow because the major waste product of the blood, bilirubin converts to urobilin in the kidneys. Urobilins are yellow. Drinking more water will dilute your urine and it will appear clearer.
• While it is true that many are re-thinking the "8 glasses a day theory," it is also true that not being properly hydrated can cause urine that is bright yellow in color. B Vitamins and other medications can also cause discolored urine. Pay attention to your fluid intake (and remember to drink before you feel thirsty), and you should see a change in color.

Although the FDA mandates warm water for those in food service, the CDC says any temperature is fine, so it's a bit of a contested subject.

Heat is known to kill bacteria, but the temperature and duration of exposure required would seriously damage human skin, so that argument for warm water is a bust. Additionally, some advocate for washing in cool water because it uses less energy and is therefore more environmentally friendly.

Anyway, no matter the temperature, washing your hands thoroughly with soap for 20 seconds is good practice.

ADD Medications

Psychostimulant medications, including methylphenidate (Ritalin�) and amphetamines (Dexedrine�, Dextrostat�, and Adderall�), are by far the most widely researched and commonly prescribed treatments for ADHD. Several short-term studies have proven the safety and effectiveness of stimulants and psychosocial treatments for helping the symptoms of ADHD. Again, NIMH research has found that the two most effective treatment methods for elementary school children with ADHD are a closely monitored medication treatment and a treatment that combines medication with intensive behavioral interventions. In the MTA study, which included nearly 600 elementary school children across multiple sites, nine out of ten children greatly improved on one of these treatments.

Strattera, a non-stimulant medication unrelated to antidepressants is a safe alternative for parents who do not want to place their children on drugs which can potentially cause addiction. Strattera is not a controlled substance, therefore, the FDA has determined there is no risk of addiction. It may be used first-line in these scenarios, but other medications should be used if no results are seen within 8-12 weeks. Allow at least 4 weeks of therapy before evaluating whether the medication is working.

Antidepressant medications also may be used as a second line of treatments for children who show poor response to stimulants, who have unacceptable side effects, or who have other conditions with ADHD (such as tics, anxiety, or mood disorders). Clinical studies have shown that these drugs are effective in 60-70% of children with ADHD. While the medications were extremely helpful to most children, MTA study results show that medications alone may not be the best way to treat many children. For example, children who had other problems (e.g., anxiety, stressful home circumstances, lack of social skills, etc.), over and above the ADHD symptoms, seemed to benefit most from the combined treatment.

Careful medication management is important in treating a child with ADHD. The doctor is likely to begin with a low dose to test the child's response. For methylphenidate (Ritalin�), the usual dosage range is 5 to 20 mg given two to three times a day. The dose for amphetamines (Dexedrine� and Dextrostat� and Adderall�) is one-half the methylphenidate dose. Dosage requirements do not always correlate with weight, age or severity of symptoms in an individual patient. Some doctors prescribe a combination of medications. Dosages may need to be increased during childhood with increased lean body weight and decreases may be necessary after puberty. Different doctors use these medications in slightly different ways, and different children may respond differently to each medication.

The expected duration of treatment has increased during this past decade as evidence has grown that shows benefits extend into adolescence and adulthood. However, many factors make it hard for adolescents to continue using medications: once on medication, adolescents see their most obvious symptoms controlled, and think they don't need to take it regularly. The medications' short-lasting effects make it necessary to take them several times per day, although there are newer long-term medications now being offered. Parents often get frustrated with the limited results or side effects of the medication, and discontinue its use.

Here is more information from WikiAnswers contributors:

• I have heard and experienced Wellbutrin as a effective means to cure A.D.D. I tried it 12 years ago for a short time but I couldn't sleep with it so I stopped it being much younger and having a addiction to ritalin I wanted my Ritalin back but the doctor said it made me to manicky. Now,12 years later I'm on Adderall but my doctor said if you want to grow old gracefully she would advise me to get off the Adderall so I've reduced it to 25mgs. from 30mgs. and try Wellbutrin again but a few years ago about 3yrs. I tried Wellbutrin again and at that time it didn't work. I would like to get off Adderall and get on something that isn't habit forming such as Wellbutrin.

• Psychiatric drugs are poisonous. ADD drugs can stunt growth or cause depression or OCD. Some children have even died from this stuff, and it isn't worth risking that just to get better behavior or to get your child to pay better attention. For more information try these sites: Ritalin Death, Drug Awareness. Two other sites are sntp and prozactruth, but I don't know if they are .org or .com.

• I was in second grade when my mom had me tested for ADD/ADHDzperiodz i am now a 19 year old college student. From the time I was in 2nd grade until about a year and a half ago I was taking Ritalin. To some people they may think it is a bad drug or poison but to me I never would have been able to finish school and be where I am today. The only thing about the Ritalin was that i had to take it 3x a day. As I grew older it was becoming harder to remember to take. Thats why for the past year and a half i have been taking what is called Concerta. The only difference between them are with Concerta you only take 1x a day. I personally have only one side effect which is an increased appetite. But to those of you who are not sure to medicate your child or not please take my advice to heart. Like I said I would not be where i am today if it weren't for my mother taking that next step to put me on meds.

• Many different meds are used. When I was diagnosed with ADHD I wasn't tested at all my grades were looked at and my teacher and parents were talked to about my behaviors and then I was simply put on Ritalin. I took ritalin until the 7th grade at that time I decided that I wanted to try to overcome my disorder without the use of drugs. Two of the many reasons was it was so hard to remember to actually take the pills and since I took 1 during school everyday my classmates found out and i was tormented and teased because i was different. I went into a depression when this occurred starting in fifth grade but I cant blame that completely on the pills. Besides being tormented my parents were also going through a divorce at that time. After I was off the pills for a while I was doing all right but as went to 8th grade we decided that i wasnt ready to deal with this on my own without meds. But instead of putting me back onto ritalin we decided to try a relativly new drug at the time: Concerta. I was on Concerta for about a year and a half until i decided once again to handle this with the use of meds. Its now been a year since I made that choice and I dont regret it. I am now a sophomore in high school and am mainly a B student with a few grades higher and very little lower than that. I am still disorganized and sometimes I dont focus well but I am succeding in overcoming that day by day. I now can lead a normal teenage life without meds than i could when i was on meds. My method may not be for every child though. Every child's case of ADD/ADHD is different in some way. Some may need meds where others may find that meds cause more trouble than good. Some children may be diagnosed with this disorder not because they have it but because they are just being kids. If you think your child may be one those who have been wrongly diagnosed please do them a favor by getting a 2nd opinion from another Dr. about the Diagnosis. A wrong diagnosis combined with unneeded meds could produce disasterous results. Find out before its too late.

• I stumbled upon this article when searching for answers regarding my own child. she takes Children's DHA (fish oil) and she has improved 100%. Read about all the benefits of Omega 3 here: borntoexplore.org

• ADD is not a disease, thus no one drug works on all people. Schedule II drugs are most often prescribed. Children start with a Central Nervous System stimulant, which actually has a calming effect. Ritalin is the 4-hour form, and Concerta is the 12-hour form.

These drugs only help the person focus, after they have used self-motivation & self-discipline, and purposefully started to focus.

Adults have normally dealt with untreated ADD symptoms, lifelong. Therefore, many have been depressed for most of their life.

Adults will start with an antidepressant, such as Wellbutrin. Thereafter, treatment with Concerta may be introduced.

Nutritional supplements which may work included Pedi-active, which contains DMAE. It too temporarily aids focus, and is available in a grape-flavored, chewable tablet. Normally, it works for about one month. Then the body develops a tolerance to it, and it stops working.

Overall, ADD coaching will help with most of the symptoms. There are several good books. Amazon.com has a good selection, and often lets you read a few pages of the book, online.

Parents, friends, spouses can help with coaching... you don't need a professional, necessarily. Coaching can change some of life's behaviors.

However, the root problem soon becomes apparent: Inability to maintain focus.

Often, adults that do not get treatment tend to self-medicate, unless they find an occupation which fits their mindset.

Such jobs may include Computer Operator or Entrepreneur. The job needs to be long on quick decisions & movement, short on paperwork, sitting, and reading technical manuals.

An ADD individual is likely to get an 'A' in Chemistry Lab, but an 'F' in Chemistry Lecture.

They are often above average intelligence, which is important since many times, they perform with little or no preparation.

Children can get into young adulthood, before ADD/ADHD problems adversely affect their lives, overall. If medication is perceived to be required, then it will bar that person from eligiblity for military service.

Some communities attach a negative stigma to medication, or psychological counseling. Other communities consider someone who has never had therapy to be the odd one.

Whether to medicate may be a social choice, as well.

(I played football in high school, served honorably the USMC, graduated with a BSBA, and only realized I had ADD at 43, due to "inattention to detail" complaints from my supervisor. Only after 5-months of 'self-discipline' failed did I seek other possibilities. Wellbutrin was a good start, Concerta adds focus, but motivation to study, and discipline to open the book must come from my own resolve.)

• Concerta sort of looks like a capsule. However, it is a Capsule with a pin-hole on one end. It is coated with tablet material, dissolves immediately to give your first bursts of medication. After dissolution, the pin-hole is cleared. There are two membranes [thus three chambers] inside.

The chamber nearest the hole has medication that will exit, slowly, for several hours. Then, the medication in the middle chamber will pass through the permeable membrane, into the hole-side chamber, and out the hole. The third chamber, farthest from the hole, is slightly pressurized. It is used to squeeze the medicine out of the other two chambers. The third chamber contents remains inside the capsule, and the undissolved capsule shell is passed out of the body through the stool. This time-release technology allows Concerta to be patented. Ritalin tablets now have generic alternatives. Concerta, due to patents in its delivery, does not have a generic alternative. Without insurance, Concerta costs about $3 per capsule, regardless whether they are 18mg, 36mg, or 54mg. Ask your physician for a manufacturer voucher, if you need to try Concerta. You will get 42 of the 18mg pills. It is intended so you find out if it will work for you, over a 3-week period.

Wellbutrin should be taken before bedtime, since it causes a two-hour drowsy period, two hours after being taken. The medication works for 24-hours. 150mg is the starting dosage, but 300mg is common.

Concerta should be taken at the start of your workday, or the 12-hour period where you plan to be awake, thus need focus (attention to detail).

• For the Wellbutrin... it has a side effect of insomnia. It for some people should be taken at the start of the day. So you can sleep at night. For some people the cocktail of Wellbutrin and a ADHD medication is prescribed. It's a medication mix that works well for a lot of people, now Adderall is one that is prescribed for ADD and works well with Wellbutrin. Everyone is different though. Tolerence is different. Coaching life skills is another therapy that works well. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Those are all great keys to success with treating ADD.

• ** For a no drug alternative energy medicine the Australian Bush Flower Essences combinations Cognis (for short attention span and better retention and recall) Calm & Clear Essence for less repetitive actions and overall calmer.

  For behavior problems alternating with the ABFE combination Adol might be useful.

  "Australian Bush Flower Healing" by Ian White

  ISBN-10: 073380

  Yahoo email group discussing Australian Bush Flower Essences

  http:/healthzperiodzgroupszperiodzyahoozperiodzcom/group/ABFEstudy

• An Alternate therapy for ADD is Oil of Oregano under the tongue. A holistic physician would be able to offer dosage advice.

The newest and most effective all natural supplement alternative for ADD is ADD-care. ADD-care was involved in a research study at the Amen Clinic comparing the results of ADD-care vs. Adderall in both SPECT brain scans and the Conner's ADD impulse test. ADD-care matched or beat adderall in most of these tests.

http:/wwwzperiodzaddzhyphenzcarezperiodzcom

"Next Generation" psycho-stimulants The pharmaceutical industry has spent quite a lot on R&D in search of new delivery mechanisms to address convenience by improving on the extended release formulation and reduce the possibility of abuse. Two of these include:

1. Daytrana (methylphenidate trans-dermal patch) - I believe this may be discontinued or if not a "special order" not carried by most pharmacies.

This is interesting as it is a patch (similar to the nicotine patch for quitting smoking) that is applied once in the morning and worn all day.

http:/wwwzperiodzdaytranazperiodzcom

2. Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine - dextroamphetamine bound to an amino acid which is only released by some digestive system process and therefore cannot be taken by any other route).

http:/wwwzperiodzdrugszperiodzcom/vyvansezperiodzhtml

Both of these were designed to give a controlled dosage throughout the entire day with a more steady delivery than the older XR (extended release) medications. Personally I found the Daytrana to be unpredictable though admittedly I only used the 2 week free trial before giving up. I had an allergic reaction to the Vyvanse and stopped after two days.