Ice Ages

Moraines form when a glacier moves down a mountain until it reaches temperatures warm enough to melt. As the ice melts, it deposits sediment. This sediment form ridges called moraines.

Sources:

My earth science book.

This is subjective, but some people may argue that the Internet is one of the coolest inventions ever. It has revolutionized communication, access to information, and has connected people worldwide in ways that were previously unimaginable.

Glacers are formed by hundreds of years of constant snow fall on the earth. As the snow accumulates, it creates weight and pressure on the snow below causing large chunks of ice to form and grow in height and length.

Some of the fossils found in the Philippines include the remains of the Homo luzonensis, a newly discovered human species, as well as fossils of prehistoric animals like Stegodon, a type of elephant, and various species of prehistoric rhinoceros, crocodiles, and turtles. The Philippines is also known for its rich marine fossil record, including ancient shark teeth and marine reptile fossils.

The third ice age, known as the Quaternary glaciation, began around 2.58 million years ago and continues to the present day with alternating glacial and interglacial periods. This era is characterized by the presence of large ice sheets and glaciers in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

This question is not entirely correct.

It was the collecting of large expanses of fresh water from melting ice, which was held back by thicker ice until it catastrophically broke through and entered the North Atlantic Ocean in one mass, causing the warmer sea currents from the south to be diverted.

This cooled northern Europe to produce a mini-glaciation, not an ice age.

Gradual warming would not have the same effect as there would be no large bodies of fresh water to add to the ocean.

-Global Warming

-Pollution

-Other human activities

However, as this ground we are standing on is totally unpredictable, so is the weather around us. We may not fully predict what is going to happen during the 22nd century, but at least we can prepare what is going to happen to us for another 90 years.

Iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe. It is found in the sun and many types of stars in considerable quantity. Iron nuclei are very stable. Iron is a vital constituent of plant and animal life, and is the key component of hemoglobin.

The pure metal is not often encountered in commerce, but is usually alloyed with carbon or other metals. The pure metal is very reactive chemically, and rapidly corrodes, especially in moist air or at elevated temperatures. Any car owner knows this. Iron metal is a silvery, lustrous metal which has important magnetic properties.it is not normally necessary to make iron in the laboratory as it is available commercially. Small amounts of pure iron can be made through the purification of crude iron with carbon monoxide. The intermediate in this process is iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5. The carbonyl decomposes on heating to about 250°C to form pure iron powder. Fe + CO → Fe(CO)5 (250°C) → Fe + 5COThe Fe(CO)5 is a volatile oily complex which is easily flushed from the reaction vessel leaving the impurities behind. Other routes to small samples of pure iron include the reduction of iron oxide, Fe2O3, with hydrogen, H2.

Nearly all iron produced commercially is used in the steel industry and made using a blast furnace. Most chemistry text books cover the blast furnace process. In essence, iron oxide, Fe2O3, is reduced with with carbon (as coke) although in the furnace the actual reducing agent is probably carbon monoxide, CO. 2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2 This process is one of the most significant industrial processes in history and the origins of the modern process are traceable back to a small town called Coalbrookdale in Shropshire (England) around the year 1773.

Scientists aren't exactly sure, though it was likely at least partially due to a reduction in solar radiation reaching the Earth possibly through an extended sun spot minimum. The Little Ice Age was centered across the North Atlantic and surrounding land areas, which is why some people assume it was global (because most of our records are from that area). For different reasons having to do with the nature of the climate system, a global climate forcing can be amplified in this region.

The Little Ice Age lasted from about 1300 to 1850, with the most intense period occurring between the 16th and 18th centuries. This period was marked by cooler temperatures and resulted in various climatic events such as colder winters and shorter growing seasons.

The very oldest rocks discovered to date were found in 2008 in Northern Quebec, along the Hudson's Bay coast, 40 km south of Inukjuak.

There are other locations around the globe that have rocks around the 3.8 billion years old (and older!) mark, some in Austrailia, Africa and other places in Canada.

Please see the related questions for more information.

Rock fragments and pebbles are small pieces of rock that have been broken down by weathering and erosion processes. They can vary in size and shape, with pebbles typically being smaller and smoother than rock fragments. These materials play a role in soil formation and can also be found in riverbeds, beaches, and other natural environments.

In the Paleolithic era, people typically lived in caves or simple shelters made from animal hides, branches, and other natural materials. These shelters provided protection from the elements and predators, but were not permanent structures.

Adult mammoths only had one natural predator, the saber toothed cat. Unprotected mammoth calves could have been hunted by many large predators, such as cave hyenas, flat faced bears, American lions, saber toothed cats, and Dire wolves, to name a few. Prehistoric humans also hunted mammoths, including adults.

During an ice age, the climate tends to be drier overall. This is because more moisture is locked up in ice sheets and glaciers, reducing the amount of water available for precipitation. Additionally, colder temperatures during an ice age can lead to less evaporation, further contributing to drier conditions.

Most evidence of ice is for the last glaciation as it obliterated the evidence of previous glaciations.

Most of Britain was covered in ice although it stopped to the north of London. The evidence is found in the large areas of glacial till, (loose sediment with lots of different sizes and types of stones without any sorting into layers), striations on smooth outcrops of rock caused by ice grinding over it and erratics, (boulders from other parts of the country left isolated in areas where they would not normally be found). Also "U" shaped valleys carved by glaciers and ice-dammed lakes now only shown by former shorelines along valleys.

Too many people to count. This year, Robert Taylor found a nearly complete skeleton of a woolly mammoth in Siberia.

There a lot of them who discovered fossils of ice age animals. These people are called paleontologists.

The ice age ended around 11,700 years ago, during the Quaternary period. This marked the beginning of the Holocene epoch, which is the current geological epoch we are in.

Glacier is formed when the snow falls long time on the same spot; it's than compressed and creates a thick layer of snow. Years by years more snow falls, after the snow becomes thick enough it creates ice.

If one reviews the full extent of the last ice age, there is proof that the Mediterranean Sea was cut off from the Atlantic Ocean for an unknown period of time due to the drop of the Atlantic Ocean from the transfer of its water to the glaciers, ice fields and expanded ice flows and ice sheets. That which happened in the Arctic, happened in Antarctica.

The cut off point would be a silt dam at the Strait of Gibraltar. There are various places in the Mediterranean Sea that would have changed to fresh water lakes over a period of maybe 10s of thousands of years.

More study is needed, but if one researches, one will discover that part of the timetable for refilling of the Mediterranean Sea happened roughly just several thousand years ago. How long was it cut off from the Atlantic Ocean?

What would the cutoff Mediterranean Sea looked like after thousands of years of Ice Age run off and silt from hundreds of rivers around the Sea? This would have changed the shore lines of the Mediterranean Sea. There would be two land bridges at Gibraltar and at the boot toe of Italy.

The new fresh water seas would have been bordered by commerce. The area of the Mediterranean would have had a different climate due to the compression of Typography towards the Equator. Rain was common.

The Mediterranean Sea of today would have been much different just 12,000 years ago. The Myths of Atlantis and Eden could have basis.

Add 16 Dec. 2010

Here is more evidence that the Mediterranean Sea was cut off from The Atlantic Ocean. A news release out of Libya

reflects that Libya was once flooded by the Mediterranean Sea with fresh water.

"The most important of these aquifers, or water bearing rock strata, were laid down during a geological time when the Mediterranean Sea flowed southward to the foot of the Tibesti Mountains, that are situated on Libya's border with Chad."

This brings us to two questions that need to be addressed.

One, With The Atlantic Ocean cut off at Gibraltar Strait, with rivers during the ice age dumping dumping silt and forming large unrestrained deltas, knowing that rains fell here during the ice age creating an unknown topography that allowed farming, how much silt would be needed to fill the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea bed east of the Italy boot?

Two, would there have been enough silt to form the fourth river in Genesis 2 as described and make its way off the coast of present day Israel and Syria and cut through the Suez gap to Egypt?

If so, strongly speculating, then the Jordan River and the Dead Sea would have been the third river and made it's way to the Red Sea. The Tigris and Euphrates would have been fed as stated from a major river flowing in the area between Turkey and Cyprus.

If there was a tremendous amount of fresh water from rains, not common at this time and periodic runoff from the glaciers and ice sheets north and south of the Mediterranean Sea bed as we know it today and a tremendous amount of silt dumped into the sea bed we would have had a different picture of the Mediterranean sea bed. There could have been the major river and the four rivers mentioned in Genesis.

Where is the Mediterranean silt today?

The power of the last ice age deluge can be found in the USA in the making of the Columbia River Gorge, The Badlands, The Scablands of Washington State, the Ohio River, Mammoth Cave, The Tennessee River Valley and the English Channel to name some samples. It is said the silt from the Appalachian Mountains can be found from Utah to Texas.

Could the ice age deluge, using the Volga and other major rivers in the sea bed have washed away the silt?

Maybe.

The final solution then remains, is chapter 2 of Genesis poetry or a handed down oral history from 15,000 to 20,000 years ago?

• 1.1 Ice Age (2002)
• 1.2 Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006)
• 1.3 Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009)
• 1.4 Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012)
• 1.5 Ice Age 5 (TBA)

Asians migrated to the Americas during the ice age in search of new resources and opportunities. The dropping sea levels created a land bridge, known as Beringia, between Asia and North America, which facilitated their migration. The changes in climate and landscape also pushed them to explore new territories.

The Bering Land Bridge is the land where people crossed from Asia to America during the last Ice Age. This narrow stretch of land connected modern-day Alaska and eastern Siberia, allowing early humans to migrate from Asia into North America.

During the Ice Ages, people settled in areas closer to the equator where the climate was milder and more suitable for habitation. As the ice sheets advanced and retreated, it influenced available resources and migration patterns, shaping where people settled in America. Additionally, it led to the development of specialized adaptations and technologies to survive in these changing environments.

Agriculture eventually replaced hunting and gathering as the main source of food for these nomads. The shift to agriculture allowed for settled communities to develop, leading to the rise of civilizations. This transition marked the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution.