Medieval Religion

There were a lot of Muslims in Spain during the Middle Ages, and in the Balkans during the late Middle Ages.

There were a lot of Jews through many parts of Europe during much of the Middle Ages.

In the start of the Middle Ages, there were still some pagans in the area that had been the Roman Empire, and pagans remained in northern and eastern Europe.

There were other Christian groups. The Coptic Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox Church were two that remain today. There were also other Churches, like the Celtic Church, and a variety of heretical organization, such as the Cathars, that were more ephemeral.

Famously, Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Roman People on December 25, 800 by Pope Leo III. After that the subsequent emperors of the Carolingian and Holy Roman Empires were generally, but not all, crowned by the pope. When a person was elected emperor, he was not called the emperor, but King of Germany until the pope crowned him, but sometimes this took years to happen.

pallavas

if a person was caught committing arson he would be hung hung and she would be strangled and burnt.

No, Becket was not a soldier and he did not destroy anything.

A new form of architecture that emerged in the high Middle Ages was called the French style, or Gothic architecture.

I am priviledged to have the name Dominique : ) It actually comes from the French. I know for a fact that Dominique means "Chosen of God."

Every ordained priest (and Bishop) may celebrate Mass every day of the year, save on Good Friday. The Mass is the re-presentation of Our Blessed Lord's sacrifice of Himself upon the cross for our salvation. It is the only reason that heaven is accessible to us.

In a monastery or abbey
Monks live in monasteries, and nuns live in convents or in monasteries.

The novitiate was essentially a probationary training period for anyone wishing to become a monk and during this time the tonsure was not appropriate.

The tonsure was only given once the novice became a professed monk and a full member of the religious community; at that time he made a will, had his hair cut in the Roman tonsure, took his vows and was welcomed with the kiss of peace. He also received the cowl, celebrated Mass and in some Orders spent three days in silence and solitude.

Depending on time and place, the Church controlled between 0% and 35% or so of the property. In the Papal States, an area of central Italy, the Church actually ruled directly.

Vatican city (CNS) - The church should teach unity in diversity and promote the well-being and dignity of all people, Pope Benedict XVI told a group of bishops from Cameroon. "The church is called to become more and more a home and school of communion," the pope said in his March 18 address to bishops on their "ad limina" visit to the Vatican, which heads of dioceses make every five years. The pope noted how the French- and English-speaking bishops of this ethnically mixed central African country work together in "a spirit of charity," offering "an eloquent sign of that unity which you experience." He said the personal witness of living and working together in harmony "serves to carry forward the evangelization of your people, marked by ethnic differences." The pope encouraged the bishops to continue demonstrating "how the Catholic Church takes to heart the promotion of the well-being and dignity of all the people of Cameroon, without exceptions, and the fulfillment of their profound aspirations to unity, peace, justice and fraternity." xx

There isn't enough information in your question for people to answer it.

Bb

Simply, the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire (based in Rome) and the Easter Roman Empire (based in Constantinople). Once the western empire fell, the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches diverged and evolved in isolation.

The full history is significantly more complex, but that is the answer in a nut-shell.

How did the Church fare during Regal rule,I think that is the gist of your question.The Church went hand in hand with royalty and fared very well indeed and often carried as much power. Whenever the need for it arose they were not slow to unite those powers so look out if you were a threat to one or the other, you would find yourself waging war with both. The Tudor king Henry V111 was an exception,the Vatican refused him permission to divource so he waved them aside and set up his own church of England and granted himself a divource. This began the terrible period in Englands history when Henry closed down Catholic Institutions all over the country and Catholics were persecuted for following their religion.Over the next 300yrs democracy slowly came to the fore and the powers of both Church and Throne diminished [not without bloodshed in some cases when hardnosed traditionalists failed to see reality] Nowadays, of course, the Church and the few Monarchy left have no political power at all, in a democracy at least.

As Winston Churchill once said "democracy is not perfect,but until we find something better it will have to do".

Becket's personality was awful towards Henry by betraying him by expelling all of the bishops that stood by Henry.

pottage. And this was everybody from the serfs to the king. Pottage is a thick soup/stew made of grain and vegetables. there is seldom meat in it unless you were rich. The availability of meat or fish was very scarce. If you lived near a lake, stream, ocean or pond you might get fish but it was rare. Meat would be rabbit, chicken, pork, grouse, deer. For the poor it would be rabbit. Religious feast days like Christmas and

Easter there might be some meat or fish. As sugar had not been brought into Europe

and spices were very very rare and costly flavourings were seldom used. Honey was

used to sweeten things again if you were wealthy. They also drank water or more likely 'small beer'.This was a type of fermented beer that had a very low alcohol content. Everyone would drink this because water was tainted and there was enough alcohol in the beer to kill germs. Wine was costly and rare and for the rich. In the summer the poor could go out and pick berries etc. but in the winter it was very hard to come by food. They made bread but it had no yeast so it would be a flat bread. Because they did not have very hard grindstones they usually ground the wheat by hand and as a result the flour would have hard bits of wheat plus pieces of the grindstone in it which tended to wear down peoples' teeth to stubs.

Medieval church modes were replaced by the major and minor keys used in harmony. The technology that made this possible was fine tempering, without which a composer is stuck in one key, with a limited possibility of moving to a key up or down a fifth. Just tempering, which was used in the middle ages, was rational, which is easy to imagine as everything is based on integer divisions, but it falls apart because it is not possible to reach all notes that way. This left us with a number of ways to get to B flat, all of which produced different tones, and no way to get to F sharp.

By contrast, improved mathematical understanding of the Late Middle Ages lead to the realization that an irrational approach resolved the issues of just tempered system. In this system, there was a ratio between a note and the note a semitone lower that was the same as the ratio of 1 to the twelfth root of two. This was the well tempered system, in which some notes are very, very slightly out of tune, but it is possible to write and play music in any key. In celebration of this, J. S. Bach wrote the Well Tempered Clavier, which is a cycle in which pieces of every key are represented.

In a monastery. They could not leave the monastery besides the exception of the fryer.

Cardiff friary,cardiff friar

A princess would normally marry someone in a royal family or the high nobility. Royal marriages were a state matter and were connected with treaties. That being the case, the idea of a prince or princess marrying person who was outside these groups was almost unheard of, though we do have examples of such marriages.

Contrary to popular myth, adult princesses who were unmarried were often able to marry whomever they chose. Eleanor of Aquitaine married two different kings, and on both occasions did this on her own. She was not a princess, but was a duchess who controlled about a third of France.

I know of one example of a medieval princess who eventually married a commoner, and this was Catherine of Valois. She was a French princess who first married the English King Henry V. After Henry died, she married Owen Tudor, a Welsh commoner. As fate would have it, one of their grandchildren became King Henry VII.

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