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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an Islamic empire that, at its height, ruled most of modern day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. It lasted from 1526 to 1857.
1,601 Questions
Where can you read or download Akbarnama?
Read Akbarnama online:
http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Fauth%3D7%26work%3D001
For downloading Akbarnama:
Akbarnamah, Persian, Volume 1:
https://archive.org/details/AkbarnamahPersianVolume1
Akbarnamah, Persian, Volume 2:
https://archive.org/details/AkbarnamahPersianVolume2
The Taj Mahal.
Noor Jahan. She was Empress of the Mughal Dynasty, of Persian origin whose tomb lies in Lahore, Pakistan. She is aunt of Empress Mumtaz Mahal, Emperor Shah Jahan's wife for whom the Taj Mahal was made.
Autobiography
Why did Shah Jahan cut the arms of his workers?
He wanted to make sure that no one could re-copy or rebuild the model of the Taj Mahal.
What is the original name of the Mughal emperor Akbar?
Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar is the full name of Akbar.
When the British arrived in 1612 the Mughal Dynasty of India was in its last days due to?
Many reasons. At that time last emperor Aurangjeb was in throne. Some policies of Aurangzeb are considered to start shaking and weakining the dynasty. Here are some of them. Aurangzeb was involved in a series of protracted wars: against the Pathans in Afghanistan, the sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda in the Deccan, the Marathas in Maharashtra and the Ahoms in Assam. Peasant uprisings and revolts by local leaders became all too common, as did the conniving of the nobles to preserve their own status at the expense of a steadily weakening empire. The increasing association of his government with Islam further drove a wedge between the ruler and his Hindu subjects. Contenders for the Mughal throne were many, and the reigns of Aurangzeb's successors were short-lived and filled with strife. The Mughal Empire experienced dramatic reverses as regional nawabs (governors) broke away and founded independent kingdoms. The Mughals had to make peace with Maratha armies, and Persian and Afghan armies invaded Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne in 1739, subsequently used by the shahs of Persia (Iran)
What was the Rajput policy of Akbar?
akbar had three rajput policies he married rajputs and gave them all rights in his court, he followed a policy of religious tolerance and he gave rajputs high positions in his court like tansen todar mal ect. this way akbar found a solution to end the religious conflicts.
Name the king who invaded Delhi and plundered the kohinoor diamond?
Nadir Shah, the King of Persia, invaded India in 1739 and defeated the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. He looted the Mughal treasury and took with him priceless things including the Peacock Throne of Shah Jahan and the Kohinoor Diamond.
No, actually babur din't built it but, his grand son akbar built it in 1565.
What was the political condition of India on the eve of Babur's invasion?
political conditions of India on the eve of Babur's invasion can be described in brief under the following headings:
(1) Innumerable small Independent Kingdoms: There were innumerable, small, independent kingdoms which often fought with each other. According to Dr. Ishwari Prasad, "India was a congeries of states at the opening of the 16th century and likely to be the easy prey of an invader who had the strength and will to attempt her conquest."
Babur writes in his memoirs that when he invaded India there were seven important States-Five Muslim and Two Hindus. Besides these states mentioned by Babur there were several other States which were also playing a considerable role in the politics of India. In Northern India, the main States were Delhi, Punjab, Bengal, Jaunpur, Gujarat, Mewar, Malwa, Orissa, Sindh, Kashmir and Khandesh.
(2) No Powerful Central Authority: There was no powerful Central Authority to unite all the small States against a foreign invasion.
(3) Political condition of Southern India was also weak: The political condition of southern India was also very deteriorating. The Bahmani kingdom had broken up into five small principalities. These were-Beejapur, Golkunda, Beedar, Brar and Ahmadnagar.
Although all these States were ruled by Shia Rulers still they used to fight against each other. The Hindu kingdom of Vijaynagar in South was under Krishandev Rai. He was very powerful but he was having not good relations with Bahmani Kingdom and was only interested in the politics of Deccan.
(4) There were no feeling of Modern Nationalism: The people of India were lacking the feeling of Modern Nationalism. They were more loyal to their local rulers than the symbolic central Power of Delhi.
(5) Views of Historians about the Political condition of India: According to S.M. Jaffar, "The condition of that time was serious. India, indeed, was a group of small states and it would be invaded by any invaders very easily."
According to Lane-Poole, "A caste of invaders gathered in the form of a crowd of unsatisfieds who always quarrelled for the throne but nobody had the power to take care of royal sculpture."
According to Rashbrooke Williams, "India of that time has no history and India had been divided into many small groups."
Babur also described the condition of India in Tuzk-i-Baburi (Turkey) or Babur Nama (Persian).
In order to form an idea of the political condition of Northern and Southern India on the eve of Babur!s invasion, a brief Survey of these States would be very helpful. Some major States of that time were those as given below:
Was Timur Babur's grandfather?
No. Timur was Babur's great great great grandfather. Babur's father Omar Sheikh Mirza was son of Abu Sa id Mirza who was the grandson of Miran Shah who was the son of Timur.
Which Mughal Emperor is famous for justice?
Jahangir is most famous for his golden Chain of Justice. Standing outside the palace of Agra with sixty bells, anyone could pull the chain and have a personal hearing from the Emperor himself.
Nobody killed Shah Jahan. He died in 1666 at Agra due to illness.
Maham, the chief wife of Babur, was the mother of Humayun.
Who fought the First Battle of Panipat?
The First Battle of Panipat was fought between Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur and Sultan Ibrahim Lodi on 21st April, 1526 at Panipat in Haryana, India. Sultan Ibrahim Lodi was defeated and killed in the battle. With this began the era of the Mighty Mughals in India.
Farman are the "Orders" from a king to be obeyed. see below: But Noted scholar & former governor of Orissa Mr. B.N.Pandey, wrote in his book "Islam & Indian Culture" about the emperor Aurangzeb on page 41. "When I was the chairman of the Allahabad municipality (1948-53), a case of mutation (dakhil kharij) came up for my consideration. It was a dispute over the property dedicated to the temple of Someshwar Nath Mahadev.after the death of the mahant, there were two claimants for the property. One of the claimants file some documents which were in the possession of the family. The documents were the Farmans (orders) issued by emperor Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb conferred a jagir and a cash gift on the temple. I felt puzzled. I thought that the Farmans were fake. I was wondering how Aurangzeb, who was known for the demolition of the temples, could confer a jagir on a temple with the words that "the jagir was being conferred for the puja and bhog of the deity". How could Aurangzeb, who identifies himself with idolatry? I felt sure that the documents were not genuine. But before coming to any conclusion, I thought it proper to take the opinion of Dr. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, who was a great scholar of Persian and Arabic. I laid the documents before him and asked for his opinion. After examining the documents, Dr. Sapru said that these Farmans ofAurangzeb were genuine. Then he asked his munshi to bring the file of the case of Jangum Badi Shiva temple of Varansi, of which several appeals were pending in the Allahabad high court for the past 15 years. The mahant of the jangum badi shiva temple was also in possession of various other Farmans of Aurangzeb granting jagir to the temple. It was a new image of Aurangzeb appeared before me. I was very much surprised. As advised by Dr. Sapru, I sent letters to the mahant of various important temples of India requesting them to send me Photostat copies, if they are in the possession of the Farmans of Aurangzeb, granting them jagir for their temples. Another big surprise was in store for me. I received copies of Farmans of Aurangzeb from the great temples of mahakaleshwara, Ujjain, balaji temple, chitrakut, Umanand temple, Gauhati and the Jain temple of Shatrunjai and other temples and gurudwaras scattered over Northern India. These Farmans were issued from 1065AH (1659) to 1091AH (1685). Though these are only a few instances of Aurangzeb generous attitude towards Hindus and their temples, they are enough to show that what the historians have written about him was biased and is only one side of the picture. India is a vast land with thousands of temples scattered all over. If proper research is made, I am confident; many more instances would come to light which will show Aurangzeb's benevolent treatment of non-Muslims." Singhal, Damodar Prasad (2003). A History of the Indian People, Cosmo (Publications, India); New Ed edition. ISBN 8170200148.
