Navajo Indians

Prevailing winds on this continent are from the west and south...

North is too cold.

East is your best...

Very little is known about Anasazi society. Archaeologists have found evidence of toys and dolls in their excavations, which leads them to believe that the Anasazi cared about their children, although they probably had to work hard to survive, just like their parents did.

destroyer

As with many things about the Dine' (Navajo) there are several answers to this.

The traditional Dine' answer is that before the humans in this world were created by Changing Woman, the Holy People in the world before such as First Man, First Woman, Changing Woman, Spider Woman, Monster Slayer, Born of/for Water, etc. maintained permanent paintings of sacred designs on spider webs, sheets of sky, clouds, and some fabrics, including buckskin. When the First People, the Dineh, were guided by First Man into the present world, they were given the right to reproduce these sacred paintings to summon the assistance of the Holy People. But ownership of them could lead to evil because "Men are not as good as we(the holly people); they might quarrel over the picture and tear it and that would bring misfortune; rain would not fall; corn would not grow." Therefore, it was decreed that they must accomplish the paintings with sand and upon the earth. They must be destroyed in a ceremonial manner after their use in healing. Any actual painting of a "sandpainting" should be altered to prevent this.

The first ceremonies are all said to date from from Changing Woman's Kinaalda (first menstruation) ceremony. The Beauty way is said to come from this. The next would have been the first enemy way ceremony to cure the Hero Twins after they rid the world of the monsters. If you count a generation as the Navajo length of what the Navajo say is the true length of a human life, 102 years and look at the stories that would put the first emergence of the Navajo as a people into this world at about 700-900 AD or so. That would be when Sand painting began.

Thw Western science answer is no one really knows. The oldest recognizably Navajo structures date from the wood at 900-1100 so perhaps the Apachean group that became the Navajo entered the area a little before this time. This is pretty close to the traditional Navajo story timeline of First Emergence into this fourth or fifth world by the way. They clearly learned many things from their Pueblo new neighbors. Amoung them probably was weaving, planting corn and using pollen, and sand painting. Many Navajo clans claim origin in intermarriage to Pueblo groups so it could have happened that way or by trade. From Navajo stories it seems they were there at the high point of the Chaco large Kiva culture times. It any case the Navajo have made Sand Painting very must a key part of religious practice and thought and much elaborated on it as they have with weaving too. There are thought to be 600-1000 different sand designs.

A few people want to believe that sand painting didn't enter Navajo life until the aftermath of the Great Pueblo Revolt in the 1680-92 time period when various Pueblo peoples joined the Navajo in fear of Spanish reprisals. There does seem to be much evidence for this late date but there is no record on way or another because none are permanent.

yes

The US government wanted a unitary formal governmental body in 1923 in order to negotiate with it for leases of natural resources such as oil. Oil was found in the 1920s.

Prior to that, traditional Navajo leadership was more informal, non binding and locally important men with good clan relationships, good speaking skills in the moderate beautiful Navajo style, much livestock wealth and a strong basis in ritual knowledge.

Attached is the Navajo Nation's own website on the history of their government page.

The Navajo people lived in the southwestern US. They still live in their traditional territory, in the Four Corners Regionof Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.

tó dilchxoshí is soda pop in Navajo. The marks mean high tone sound (Navajo is tonal). The first word which means water starts with t and wh breathy sound at the start.

Yes, it is capitalized and it is not Navajo Indians. It is Navajo people.

There were not really subgroups in the historic or present Navajo people. At least not the way that the Lakota had 7 bands such as Hunkpapa or Oglala. Nor was it like the way Scottish clans ruled various territories. The Navajo have about 84 clans placed in 21 relationship groups. All are supposed to have come from the four original clans. However, because it is considered very wrong to marry anyone in any of the four clans of your grandparents, the clans are always getting mixed up over time. For traditional people, one should not even date or go to a dance with someone in one of the four clans of your grandparents. Certain clans are more common in different areas but they don't constitute subgroups.

The Navajo translation for "hope" is "nídííʼ." In the Navajo language, this word encapsulates not just the feeling of hope but also the expectation of positive outcomes and the belief in resilience. The concept is deeply rooted in the Navajo culture, reflecting a sense of optimism and strength in the face of challenges.

No

by adapting to the enviorment

An entertainment, as in a show is: da'níl'į́ or: da'níl'ínígíí

To entertain him/her or it is: bik'ihashta

to entertain oneself is: ák'ihashta

The marks above vowels mean high tone. The marks after a k means it is different than a regular k sound it is a glottalized k. The mark after the L means there is a glottal stop consonant there. Like in the English: uh'oh.

You might say: Dííjį' yéego hózhǫ dooleeł.

It means "with greater intensity" hozho "make it so"

Or have a peaceful, balanced day.

To say "return" one needs to know if it is one person, two, or more than two, and ones needs to know the manner in which you are returning, ie, is it from round trip, like you usually do, one way, etc. Al this information changes the way the verb conjugates. It actually gets even more complicated than that depending if they are doing it right now or later and other aspects of the motion like how they are traveling, wheeled vehicle or walking or riding on a horse.

Culturally, it's better to remind people that they have control in keeping a good balance in outlook - or hózhǫ́. Wishing someone luck or goodness or safety, in the way English intends to, doesn't quite keep the same sentiment in Navajo since you'd be saying something like "If only you had luck/goodness/safety", implying they might not have it or even that you are checking or wishing to see they don't. It is also impolite to be implying you are commanding or telling them to do something.

Philip Johnston was a son of missionaries who had grown up on the Navajo Nation. He had the idea at the start of WWII when he was living in LA and working as a engineer. He brought the idea to Major General Clayton B. Vogel, the commanding general of Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet. The US army and the British had used the code idea in WWI with Choctaw and Cherokee. There was a program at the same time in 1942 with Basque and Comanche and Meskwaki as well.

Johnston and the first 29 created the code at Camp Pendleton near Oceanside, California in May 1942. It was modeled on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet. To save time during battle words were used to substitute for common nouns as well, for example a turtle for a tank.

scary

They depend on food,clothing and other resources and also they stayed with Navajo when it was hot.