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Public Health and Safety
Ask questions about disease and infections in society and how to cure and prevent outbreaks.
4,000 Questions
Why does saliva taste like salt?
The saliva does not necessarily taste like salt.
But it is great at the same time.
Saliva tastes different for different person, but
it usually tasted like water, but something that is
almost impossible to describe if you did not try;
like sex. But I did it; it felt really great.
Getting a blowjob was really great; it is better than
masturbation even though I have never tries it myself.
But my girlfriend did it for me.
What is the difference between soap and detergents?
Soap is sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, and these days is usually used only for cleaning human skin, but in the past was used for many other cleaning purposes.
Detergent is a substance used for cleaning, so soap is a type of detergent. Detergents are often surfactants (as is soap), which help to dissolve oils in water, useful in cleaning dirty dishes or greasy skin.
Both detergent and soap can be harmful to skin (but are not always), and neither form kill or remove 100% of bacteria.
If swallowed is dawn dish soap toxic?
Swallowing small amounts of Dawn dish soap is not likely to be toxic, but it can cause stomach upset and discomfort. If a larger amount is ingested, it may lead to more serious symptoms and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. It is important to keep cleaning products out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
What function do sense organs serve?
Sense organs detect external stimuli such as light, sound, taste, smell, and touch and then send signals to the brain, which processes this information to create perceptions and reactions. These organs help us interact with and respond to our environment, contributing to our survival and well-being.
Weenus is a slang term for the loose skin on your elbow.
" The stretchy area of skin located on the posterior of the elbow centered particularly over the olecranon process of the ulna."
The weenus is the very tip of your elbow. The pointed part.
According to the American Industrial Hygiene Association, "Occupational Hygiene," also called "Industrial Hygiene" is the science and practice devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of hazards in the workplace which cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort amongst workers. This profession is no longer limited to the workplace, but also provides its insights and capabilities in community and other circumstances.
A group of organasms working togethor to do a specific job in the body is a?
A group of organisms working together to do a specific job in the body is called a tissue. Tissues are made up of cells that are specialized to perform a specific function, contributing to the overall function of an organ or organism.
Instnct is the subconscious and intractable desire to live in company. There some animals who have particularly strong instinct to live in groups [herds]. Man seems to have at least certain degree of herd instinct. This is because, if children are isolated from others show dissent, sadness and even physical signs of stress.
What is the fastest way to whiten your teeth?
How to make your Teeth White?
- Get some "Baking Soda and but it on your tooth then brush your teeth with it 2-3 times a day and it will work with in a week!
- Or you can rinse your mouth out with lemon water or just lemon juice!
- I don't know if lemon juice makes it whiter or not but i heard from a doctor that the acid in lemons will rot your teeth so be careful on that
JUST USE GOOD WHITENING TOOTH-PASTE! IT'S THAT EASY! LOL :-)
Tilex contains chemicals that can be harmful if ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with skin or eyes. It is important to follow the safety instructions on the product label, use in a well-ventilated area, wear protective gear such as gloves and a mask, and keep it out of reach of children and pets.
Is staphylococcus aureus acid fast?
No, Staphylococcus aureus is not acid-fast. Acid-fast bacteria, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, retain the stain when treated with acid-alcohol. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that retains the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining method.
What is the meaning of particulate inhalation?
Particulate- of or relating to minute separate particles Inhalation- the act or an instance of inhaling Combined definition would be the inhalation of small separate particles. Such as to avoid i would assume. Like a precautionary statement on a can of spray paint saying to avoid as to not to become intoxicated. Whats with the question, why did u ask?
What is the function of the ovary?
The ovary is an organ in female animals which produces eggs. It also produces hormones which regulate other female sex organs.
What is the difference between myogenic and neurogenic muscle?
Myogenic muscle contractions are initiated by the muscle cells themselves without external neural stimulation, such as in the heart muscle. Neurogenic muscle contractions require neural input to initiate and control muscle activity, such as in skeletal muscles controlled by the somatic nervous system.
Can bacteria or germs live on a bar of soap?
Yes, bacteria and germs can potentially live on a bar of soap, but they are unlikely to thrive and multiply due to the antimicrobial properties of soap itself. It's still a good practice to rinse the soap thoroughly before use to minimize any potential risk of contamination.
How many tubes are drawn for a 3 hour glucose test?
Typically, three tubes of blood are drawn for a 3-hour glucose test. This test measures how your body processes glucose over a 3-hour period after you consume a high-sugar drink. The blood samples are drawn at different intervals to monitor your blood glucose levels.
What is the minimum safe distance from a depleted uranium hazard?
Depleted uranium is not so dangerous in metallic form. The external irradiation is minimal - because the alpha radiation is retained by some centimeters of air. The gamma radiation has a small energy (max. 185 keV) and a simple shield is sufficient.
Of course, for detailed data measurements of dose are necessary.
This is taken word by word from the search engine of this wiki (url is http://www.answers.com/genetic+linkage?cat=technology). Hope this is what you are looking for! Genetic linkage occurs when particular genetic loci or http://www.answers.com/topic/allele for genes are inherited jointly. Genetic loci on the same chromosome are physically connected and tend to segregate together during http://www.answers.com/topic/meiosis, and are thus genetically linked. Alleles for genes on different chromosomes are usually not linked, due to http://www.answers.com/topic/independent-assortment of chromosomes during http://www.answers.com/topic/meiosis. Because there is some http://www.answers.com/topic/chromosomal-crossover of http://www.answers.com/topic/dna when the chromosomes segregate, alleles on the same chromosome can be separated and go to different daughter cells. There is a greater probability of this happening if the alleles are far apart on the chromosome, as it is more likely that a cross-over will occur between them. The relative distance between two genes can be calculated using the offspring of an organism showing two linked genetic traits, and finding the percentage of the offspring where the two traits do not run together. The higher the percentage of descendents that does not show both traits, the further apart on the chromosome they are. Among individuals of an experimental population or species, some phenotypes or traits occur randomly with respect to one another in a manner known as independent assortment. Today scientists understand that independent assortment occurs when the genes affecting the phenotypes are found on different chromosomes. An exception to independent assortment develops when genes appear near one another on the same chromosome. When genes occur on the same chromosome, they are usually inherited as a single unit. Genes inherited in this way are said to be linked, and are referred to as "linkage groups." For example, in fruit flies the genes affecting eye color and wing length are inherited together because they appear on the same chromosome. But in many cases, even genes on the same chromosome that are inherited together produce offspring with unexpected allele combinations. This results from a process called http://www.answers.com/topic/chromosomal-crossover. At the beginning of normal http://www.answers.com/topic/meiosis, a chromosome pair (made up of a chromosome from the mother and a chromosome from the father) intertwine and exchange sections or fragments of chromosome. The pair then breaks apart to form two chromosomes with a new combination of genes that differs from the combination supplied by the parents. Through this process of recombining genes, organisms can produce offspring with new combinations of maternal and paternal traits that may contribute to or enhance survival. Genetic linkage was first discovered by the http://www.answers.com/topic/united-kingdom geneticists http://www.answers.com/topic/william-bateson and http://www.answers.com/topic/reginald-punnett shortly after http://www.answers.com/topic/mendelian-inheritance were http://www.answers.com/topic/gregor-mendel. The observations by http://www.answers.com/topic/thomas-hunt-morgan that the amount of crossing over between linked genes differs led to the idea that crossover frequency might indicate the distance separating genes on the http://www.answers.com/topic/chromosome. Morgan's student http://www.answers.com/topic/alfred-sturtevant developed the first genetic map, also called a linkage map. Sturtevant proposed that the greater the distance between linked genes, the greater the chance that non-sister chromatids would cross over in the region between the genes. By working out the number of recombinants it is possible to obtain a measure for the distance between the genes. This distance is called a genetic map unit (m.u.), or a centimorgan-1 and is defined as the distance between genes for which one product of http://www.answers.com/topic/meiosis in 100 is recombinant. A recombinant frequency (RF) of 1 % is equivalent to 1 m.u. A linkage map is created by finding the map distances between a number of traits that are present on the same chromosome, ideally avoiding having significant gaps between traits to avoid the inaccuracies that will occur due to the possibility of multiple recombination events. Linkage mapping is critical for identifying the location of genes that cause genetic diseases. In an ideal population, genetic traits and markers will occur in all possible combinations with the frequencies of combinations determined by the frequencies of the individual genes. For example, if alleles A and a occur with frequency 90% and 10%, and alleles B and b at a different genetic locus occur with frequencies 70% and 30%, the frequency of individuals having the combination AB would be 63%, the product of the frequencies of A and B, regardless of how close together the genes are. However, if a mutation in gene B that causes some disease happened recently in a particular subpopulation, it almost always occurs with a particular allele of gene A if the individual in which the mutation occurred had that variant of gene A and there have not been sufficient generations for recombination to happen between them (presumably due to tight linkage on the genetic map). In this case, called http://www.answers.com/topic/linkage-disequilibrium, it is possible to search potential markers in the subpopulation and identify which marker the mutation is close to, thus determining the mutation's location on the map and identifying the gene at which the mutation occurred. Once the gene has been identified, it can be targeted to identify ways to mitigate the disease. A linkage map is a http://www.answers.com/topic/chromosome map of a species or experimental population that shows the position of its known http://www.answers.com/topic/gene and/or http://www.answers.com/topic/genetic-marker relative to each other in terms of recombination frequency, rather than as specific physical distance along each chromosome. A genetic map is a map based on the frequencies of http://www.answers.com/topic/recombination between markers during http://www.answers.com/topic/chromosomal-crossover of http://www.answers.com/topic/homologous-chromosome. The greater the frequency of recombination (segregation) between two genetic markers, the farther apart they are assumed to be. Conversely, the higher the frequency of association between the markers, the smaller the physical distance between them. Historically, the markers originally used were detectable http://www.answers.com/topic/phenotype-10 (enzyme production, eye color) derived from coding DNA sequences; eventually, confirmed or assumed http://www.answers.com/topic/noncoding-dna sequences such as http://www.answers.com/topic/microsatellite or those generating http://www.answers.com/topic/restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism have been used. Genetic maps help researchers to locate other markers, such as other genes by testing for genetic linkage of the already known markers. A genetic map is not a http://www.answers.com/topic/gene-map-1. The lod score(logarithm of odds, also called http://www.answers.com/topic/logit by mathematicians) is a statistical test often used for linkage analysis in human populations, and also in animal and plant populations. The test was developed by Newton E. Morton. Computerized lod score analysis is a simple way to analyze complex family pedigrees in order to determine the linkage between mendelian traits (or between a trait and a marker, or two markers). The method is described in greater detail by Strachan and Read [1]. Briefly, it works as follows: # Establish a http://www.answers.com/topic/pedigree-chart # Make a number of estimates of recombination frequency # Calculate a lod score for each estimate # The estimate with the highest Lod score will be considered the best estimate The Lod score is calculated as follows: Failed to parse (unknown function\begin): \begin{align} LOD = Z & = \log \frac{ \mbox{probability of birth sequence with a given linkage value} }{ \mbox{probability of birth sequence with no linkage} } \\ & = \log \frac{(1-\theta)^{NR} \times \theta^R}{ 0.5^{(NR + R)} } \end{align}
NR denotes the number of non-recombinant offspring, and R denotes the number of recombinant offspring. The reason 0.5 is used in the denominator is that any alleles that are completely unlinked (e.g. alleles on separate chromosomes) have a 50% chance of recombination, due to independent assortment. In practice, lod scores are looked up in a table which lists lod scores for various standard pedigrees and various values of recombination frequency. By convention, a lod score greater than 3.0 is considered evidence for linkage. (A score of 3.0 means the likelihood of observing the given pedigree if the two loci are not linked is less than 1 in 1000). On the other hand, a lod score less than -2.0 is considered evidence to exclude linkage. Although it is very unlikely that a LOD score of 3 would be obtained from a single pedigree, the mathematical properties of the test allow data from a number of pedigrees to be combined by summing the LOD scores. Recombination frequency (θ) is when http://www.answers.com/topic/chromosomal-crossover will take place between two http://www.answers.com/topic/locus-genetics (or http://www.answers.com/topic/gene) during http://www.answers.com/topic/meiosis. Recombination frequency is a measure of genetic linkage and is used in the creation of a genetic linkage map. A http://www.answers.com/topic/centimorgan-1 (cM) is a unit that describes a recombination frequency of 1%. During meiosis, chromosomes assort randomly into http://www.answers.com/topic/gamete, such that the segregation of http://www.answers.com/topic/allele of one gene is independent of alleles of another gene. This is stated in http://www.answers.com/topic/mendelian-inheritance and is known as the law of independent assortment. The law of independent assortment always holds true for genes that are located on different chromosomes, but for genes that are on the same chromosome, it does not always hold true. As an example of independent assortment, consider the crossing of the pure-bred http://www.answers.com/topic/zygosity-1 parental strain with http://www.answers.com/topic/genotype AABB with a different pure-bred strain with genotype aabb. A and a and B and b represent the alleles of genes A and B. Crossing these homozygous parental strains will result in F1 generation offspring with genotype AaBb. The F1 offspring AaBb produces gametes that are AB, Ab, aB, and ab with equal frequencies (25%) due to the law of independent assortment. Note that 2 of the 4 gametes (50 %)-Ab and aB-were not present in the parental generation. These gametes represent recombinant gametes. Recombinant gametes are those gametes that differ from both of the http://www.answers.com/topic/ploidy gametes that made up the http://www.answers.com/topic/ploidy cell. In this example, the recombination frequency is 50% since 2 of the 4 gametes were recombinant gametes. The recombination frequency will be 50% when two genes are located on different chromosomes or when they are widely separated on the same chromosome. This is a consequence of independent assortment. When two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%. As an example of linkage, consider the classic experiment by http://www.answers.com/topic/william-bateson and http://www.answers.com/topic/reginald-punnett. They were interested in trait inheritance in the sweet pea and were studying two genes-the gene for flower color (P, purple, and p, red) and the gene affecting the shape of pollen grains (L, long, and l, round). They crossed the pure lines PPLLand ppll and then self-crossed the resulting PpLllines. According to http://www.answers.com/topic/mendelian-inheritance, the expected http://www.answers.com/topic/phenotype-10 would occur in a 9:3:3:1 ratio of PL:Pl:pL:pl. To their surprise, they observed an increased frequency of PL and pl and a decreased frequency of Pl and pL (see chart below). {| |+ Bateson and Punnett experiment |- ! Phenotype and genotype ! Observed ! Expected from 9:3:3:1 ratio | Purple, long (P_L_) 284 216 Purple, round (P_ll) 21 72 Red, long (ppL_) 21 72 Red, round (ppll) 55 24 Their experiment revealed linkage (or coupling) between the P and L alleles and the p and l alleles. The frequency of P occurring together with L and with p occurring together with l is greater than that of the recombinant Pl and pL. The recombinantion frequency cannot be computed directly from this experiment, but intuitively it is less than 50%. The progeny in this case received two dominant alleles linked on one chromosome (referred to as coupling or cis arrangement). However, after crossover, some progeny could have received one parental chromosome with a dominant allele for one trait (eg Purple) linked to a recessive allele for a second trait (eg round) with the opposite being true for the other parental chromosome (eg red and Long). This is referred to as repulsion or a trans arrangement. The phenotype here would still be purple and long but a test cross of this individual with the recessive parent would produce progeny with much greater proportion of the two crossover phenotypes. While such a problem may not seem likely from this example, unfavorable repulsion linkages do appear when breeding for disease resistance in some crops. When two genes are located on the same chromosome, the chance of a http://www.answers.com/topic/chromosomal-crossover producing recombination between the genes is directly related to the distance between the two genes. Thus, the use of recombinantion frequencies has been used to develop linkage maps or lod-score. |}
Radon-222 is one of the isotopes or the inert gas radon. It is the longest-lived occurring one, and it appears as a daughter of the radioactive decay of radium (226Ra). It is radioactive (as are all of radon's isotopes), and, as such presents a hazard to people. The 222Ra isotope undergoes alpha decay to become polonium-218 (218Po). It is uranium that is the culprit as regards the source of radon. Uranium is the source of radium, and from radium we see radon. Uranium is present in the ground in a number of types of rock, so radon could appear in soil samples, in ground water, or in the lower internal spaces in buildings (because is seeps in). Radon is considered to be the second leading cause of lung cancer, and is an underrated threat. Testing for radon in structures is a bit tedious, but it can be done. If there is a question about a radon threat to your home, testing is not outrageously expensive. Call your county health office and get a "threat assessment" for your area. Just remember that though your neighbor's house might be well under recommended limits, yours may not, as there are variables to consider. Use the link below for more information.
What kinds of accidents can be occurred during saturation diving?
Accidents that can occur during saturation diving include decompression sickness (the bends), oxygen toxicity, barotrauma (ear or sinus squeeze), hypercapnia (excessive carbon dioxide in the blood), and equipment failure. These risks are heightened due to the complexities and pressures involved in deep-sea diving over extended periods of time.
Why is my chest and abdomen hair is black while the rest of my body and head are brown hair?
If you look closely, the individual strands of hair are of different colors, even on your head.
It is not unusual for body hair that develops after puberty to be a different color than head hair, and especially darker. Blond men, for instance, often have reddish beards. Brown-haired men often have darker body hair. Sometimes men with black hair can have body hair or pubic that almost looks blue.
How much oxygen can lungs hold?
On average, the total lung capacity of an adult is around 6 liters of air. However, the actual amount of oxygen contained in the lungs at any given time is much less as not all the air inhaled is oxygen. The volume of oxygen in the lungs typically ranges from 2-3 liters.
Yes, mass indirectly affects pressure. Pressure is directly related to force and area, so the more mass there is within a given area, the higher the pressure will be. More mass exerts a greater force on the surface, leading to increased pressure.
Do you have to take chemistry?
To do medicine......
No you don't have to have taken chemistry but the majority of medical schools consider it as compulsory. UCL (University College London) I think doesn't require chemistry and there are some other universities where it is not compulsory but in the majority of universities it is.
