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Treaty of Versailles
Signed in 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that ended WWI. It was mainly negotiated by Britain, France and the US, forcing Germany to accept the sole responsibility for the war and to pay major reparations.
992 Questions
Why did economist warn against the harshness of the treaty of the Versailles?
They feared that the world's economy would collapse if Germany could not repay its war debts.
What was Ho Chi Minh role in the Treaty Of Versailles?
he tried to convice the U.S. to speak for Indo-China people
What were 3 provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
Sorry this is so long but here are the major provisons striaght form my text book.
1. League of nations-international peace organization,(Germany & Russia excluded
2. Territorial loss-Germany had to return Alsace-Lorriane to France, French borders extended, gremany surrenders colonies in Africa
3. Military-restrictions- limit size of Germany army, prohibited from importing/making weapons, and forbid to have an air force
4. War guilt-Germany accepts balme for World War1 and pay $33 billion for reparations
Hope this helps(:
Required Germany to pay reparations for war damages...
Henry Cabot Lodge
Why was Clemenceau dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles?
Because it greatly reduced German territory in Europe, all of their over seas property was seized, they were forced to pay damages to all the countries who fought the Germans, their military was greatly reduced, and to top it off they had no say in the matter even though these other countries are equally at fault for that foolish the war. The financial and political withdrawal created by the war in Germany helped set the stage for nazism and world war 2. Also it left the whole German people extremly bitter towards the rest of the planet. Talk about shooting one self in the foot.
Treaty of Versailles was not fair?
-The treaty of Versailes was very one sided. while the allies gained much by the treaty the German and Austria-Hungary people lost almost everything. Austria-Hungarywas forced to split into many ohter countries and Germany had to take full responsiblity for the war, were forced to give Alsace and Lorraine to France, and pay war reparations to the allied countries (except the US). They also had to disarm all of their weapons. The ally countries got land, money, and were free from guilt about the war.
How did the treaty of Versailles affect the economy of Europe?
1. In the approach to WWII Germany, France, Britain and the Soviet Union (and some other countries) greatly increased spending on armaments. In addition, Germany built a strategic road network and invested vast sums in order to produce oil from coal and making synthetic rubber and other substitutes.
2. During WWII most of Europe came under German control and the economies of both Germany and occupied countries were geared to the war. The economies of Britain and the Soviet Union were also very closely harnessed to the war effort.
3. After the war, much of continental Europe was very badly damaged. Perhaps most serious of all was the damage to the communications infrastructure, especially the rail and road networks. This was most important, as it meant that it was difficult to move even essential goods around in many areas. The British economy was utterly exhausted. Throughout the countries that had fought in WWII there was widespread and often severe inflation. Rationing and the absence of many luxury good during the war had forced people to save, but now there was very little to spend the savings on ... Most European countries borrowed very heavily, mainly from the U.S. Towards the end of WWII there were fears that Western Europe would become Communist. In many countries, especially Britain and France, there was a sharp swing to the Left.
The war was followed by a very long boom, which lasted with minor hiccups till 1973 and led to rapid recovery from the ravages of WWII.
or
the marshall plan lent more money then COMECON did.
How did Wilson and fourteen points influence the treaty of Versailles?
Answer this question… It failed to set guidelines for retribution payments from the Central Powers.
What position did the German delegation leader present?
The German delegation leader represented the bitter opposition.
Why were italy and japan unhappy with the treaty of versailles?
Italy agreed with some of the points, but was miffed that they did not get all the territories they were promised for joining the war on the side of the Allies (they were part of an Alliance with Germany & Austria-Hungary, but did not join them).
Italy liked:
1) Germany had to pay reparations for the damage they had done to some of our coal mines they had destroyed.
2) Italy would acquire a portion of the Tyrolean Alps
Italy disliked:
1)Italy did not receive the Dalmatian coast/Fiume
Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, led the opposition to the treaty, he argued "No peace that satisfied Germany in any degree can ever satisfy us". Lodge prevented the Senate to pass the treaty as a two thirds majority was required. Many senators believed the the League of Nations were compromise the sovereignty of the US.
How did Hitler think about the Treaty of Versailles?
The first reason as to why Hitler did not like the Treaty of Versailles was because he saw it as a disgrace to the German people. In Hitler's view, it was an embarrassment to the country, suffering the consequences of the decisions made by politicians. He blamed the German politicians for the signing of the treaty, believing that Germany could have avoided its current situation. In his biography, Mein Kampf, written by Hitler during his time spent in prison, he called it "the greatest villainy of the century", and he called the German politicians who signed it "miserable and degenerate criminals".
The treaty of Versailles was also the reason why German faced a lot of hardships during that time. It was the treaty in the first place that caused hyperinflation and that forced the country into bankruptcy. It took Germanys land, its industry and most of its military, which added to the humiliation. This affected many of the Germany people, making daily life a struggle.
But one of the main reasons of Hitler's hatred of the treaty of Versailles was because it meant that many of the efforts of Germany in World War One were wasted. Hitler had previously served in the Bavarian Infantry regiment in the First World War, and narrowly surviving a gas attack. So to him, his time spent fighting, and the injuries he suffered from it were pointless. In his biography he states that, "And so it had all been in vain. In vain all the sacrifices and privations, in vain the hours in which, with mortal fear clutching at our hearts, we nevertheless did our duty; and in vain the death of two millions who died."
However, it was because of the Treaty of Versailles that Adolf Hitler came in to power. He took advantage of effects that the Treaty brought to Germany and used the fear of the Public to rise to power. Promising a better Germany compared to the economically wrecked country as the current time. Hitler may be very expressive about his hatred towards it, but without it, he would not have gotten to the position that he did.
How did Europe's borders change as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
The map of Europe, mainly Eastern Europe, was completely altered after Versailles. The Austrian-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were gone, Russia lost a large amount of land (although settled before the treaty), and Germany, too, lost a good chunk of land. Here are some main points from the treaty:
- France regained Alsace-Lorraine from Germany.
- Belgium and Denmark both gained territory from Germany.
- The Austro-Hungarian empire was dissolved.
- Austria, Hungary, Germany, and Russia ceded land to form a new country, Poland.
- Hungary ended up giving tiny bits of land to Austria.
- Austria gave Italy South Tyrol and Trieste.
- Austria and Hungary both forfeited land to create Czechoslovakia.
- Hungary gave Transylvania to Romania, while Austria gave some land as well.
- Russia lost the Baltic States and Finland, which became independent.
- Austria-Hungary forfeited its southern territory, which combined with Serbia and Montenegro to form Yugoslavia.
- Hungary and Austria were reduced to small, landlocked countries.
- Bulgaria ceded its land touching to Aegean Sea to Greece.
- Ottoman Empire was reduced to Turkey and other small Arab nations mandated by either the UK or France.
What was the aim of the first clauses of the Treaty of Versailles?
The aims were:-to ensure that a war like ww1 will never happen again
-to help protect one another (collective security)
-to improve health working conditions
-to get countries to disarm
-to get all major nations to join
-to cooperate together
-to ensure the future piece
-to make a world better place!
1. Germany emerged from World War 1 deeply divided - left versus right (and also mainstream Social Democrats versus the radical left). Nationalists made two attempts to overthrow the new republic (Kapp-Putsch 1920 and Hitler's attempted putsch in 1923). There were also various Communist uprisings, the best known being the Spartacist uprising of January 1919, but there were others, for example in the Ruhr in 1920. Bands of mercenaries and political assassinations became common.
2. Defeat itself was something that many on the right were unwilling to accept. They concocted the stab-in-the-back legend, a conspiracy theory that Germany had not been defeated at all but had been 'stabbed in the back' by various subversives on the home front - socialists, Bolshevists, Jews, liberals, organzied labour and so on.
3. The Treaty of Versailles was harsh, but it is very hard to imagine a peace treaty that would have been acceptable to hardline nationalists.
4. It is worth noting that when attacking the leaders of the Weimar Republic the nationalists nearly always talked about 'the November criminals', in other words those who had asked for an armistice.
5. In 1923 France and Belgium claimed that Germany had defaulted on reparations payments and occupied the Ruhr - the key industrial area of Germany. This was interpreted by most Germans as going beyond the Versailles Treaty.
6. Inflation, resulting initially from the slipshod way in which the German government had financed the war, was also a serious problem.
I hope that the above will make it clear that - contrary to popular mythology - the Versailles Treaty was not the only problem, and probably not the main problem, either.
Joncey
What was the background to the Treaty of Versailles?
The 3 leaders Woodrow Wilson USA, georges clemensau France, and Lloyd George UK met at the palace of Versailles in Paris on 28th June 1919 to agree on what to do with Germany after they surrounded in 1918.
How did the treaty of Versailles affect Germany after World War 1?
The Treaty of Versailles had an enormous effect on postwar Germany. Specifically, it nearly bankrupted them through the payment of reparations, it reduced their military so that they could barely defend their borders, and it took away some of their lands and gave it to the victors.
Why were the German delegate surprised when they read the treaty?
Because the treaty forced Germany to assume full blame for the war it also imposed huge reparations covered not only by war but also pensions which later would be calculated to $30 billion ( the equivalent of about $2.7 trillion today)
What were the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles?
- * The German army was cut to 100,000 men. Only volunteers could join the army; conscription was not allowed
- * The navy could have only six battleships
- * Germany was not allowed to build any submarines, planes, or tanks
- * Germany was not allowed to keep any troops in the Rhineland (the area of Germany that bordered on France). Allied troops would be stationed there for 15 years.
- * All of Germany's colonies were taken away and given to the Allies
- * The league of nations was set up. it was designed to give countries a chance to talk over their problems rather than fight over them. the league had no armed forces of its own.
- * Germany lost land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland and the league of nations.
- * By a treaty in September 1919, the Austrian empire was broken up ionto independent nations. Austria was forbidden to unite with Germany.
- * In 1921 the Allies decided that Germany should pay ₤6600 million reparations in gold and goods
Did Hitler sign the treaty of Versailles?
France and Britain threatened to continue the war if they didn't accept, and the German generals told the government that Germany was in no position to fight effectively. This was because they were running out of raw materials, food, men and amunition so there was a great chanceof losing the war.
Not accepting the Treaty of Versailles would have resulted in the war being re-opened. Some German politicians were in favour of this, for example, the Chancellor, Scheidemann, and the Army Minister, Noske, who resigned rather than accept the treaty. However, the senior German generals said the the army was in no position to resume fighting. The military and many politicians also feared that a resumption of the war would lead to a massive (and possibly successful) Communist uprising in Germany.
What were Germany's main territorial losses under the treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles changed the Europe map in a few different ways. The main change was that it established national boundaries within Europe.
What were the big four peacemakers at the Paris Peace Conference?
Thirty Two different countries met in Paris on January 1919 to decide what to do with defeated Axis Powers. Four men took charge, called 'The Big Four' - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of The United Kindom Georges Clemenceau - Prime Minister of France. Woodrow Wilson - President of the United States of America and Vittorio Orlando, Prime minister of Italy.They were the dominant diplomatic figures at the conference. The conclusions of their talks were imposed on the defeated countries. Germany was not invited, and Russia was not to receive anything because it retired from war.
Major points of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany was forced to give up its military and pay huge amounts of money to the Allied powers
