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The form of agriculture that became dominant in the South in the decades following the Civil War was sharecropping. This system allowed landowners to provide land, tools, and seeds to tenant farmers, who would then work the land and share a portion of the crop with the landowner as payment. Sharecropping became widespread as it offered a way for formerly enslaved individuals to work land, albeit often in exploitative conditions that kept them in a cycle of debt and poverty. This agricultural practice contributed to the economic challenges faced in the South during the Reconstruction era and beyond.

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