Spain, they became the most powerful country in Europe in the 16th Century as they were first to discover the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific Ocean. They rapidly capitalized on this new discovery, and through there conquest of almost the whole of Central and South America, they conquered the two most wealthy and powerful empires in the Americas; the Aztec and the Inca.
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Spain. they were the riches because of gold from the Americas
England yes powerful but not the richest Holland was rich but not powerful french was powerful and Spain was a Little of both no one nation was both but i say England is the best
Africa
The Renaissance did not fall as such; but the most powerful and richest influence in Italy was the Vatican. Then (as now) the Catholic Church obstructed the progress of science; the most famous example being the Church's persecution of the great genius Galileo.
Spain.