When a country adopts the writing system of Another Country, it is referred to as "script borrowing" or "writing system adoption." This process often occurs when a culture comes into contact with another through trade, conquest, or cultural exchange, leading to the influence of one society’s written language on another. In "Guns, Germs, and Steel," this phenomenon illustrates how the diffusion of writing can impact communication, administration, and the spread of ideas within a society.
Historiography
Try "mandate". It could also be a colony, or it could be a protectorate, or could be simply an invaded country depending on the context.
In the context of the Cold War, yet generally true for any context, the take-over of Another Country (or region belonging to Another Country) is usually called a 'conquest.' Where it is accomplished without fighting, one may refer to it as an 'annexation' or, in certain circumstances, a 'usurpation.' If the land in question is not formally claimed or organized, its take-over may be variously put as a 'claiming,' a 'discovery,' or 'occupation,' among other terms available.
"Russia". If you mean to ask 'what is 'country' called in Russian, that is 'страна' (strana). If you mean to ask what a Russian country house is called, that is 'dacha' (in Russian: дача).
Depending on the situation, time-period, and intent of the controlling country, the controlled country may be a colony, a dependency, a mandate, a puppet state, a pseudo-independent state, an autonomous regions, or a semi-autonomous jurisdiction.
When you leave a country it is called emigration.When you arrive in a country it is called immigration.
A person who comes from another country is called an immigrant.
A country that is a 'friend' of another country is called an ally.
The movement of people from one country to settle in another country is called immigration.
Acculturation-"the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture"
its called nationalism or, it could be colonization.
When a company hires people in Another Country to do work for them, it is called outsourcing.
When a company hires people in Another Country to do work for them, it is called outsourcing.
When people leave their country to live in another country, it is called emigration.
A person who leaves a country to go live permanently in another is called an emmigrant,
It's called conquering
That is called an 'Alliance' or a 'defence pact'