The Muslims
Muslim is a vague term. More specifically the invaders of the Visigoth kingdom in Spain were the Moors (Moroccan Berbers) who fought on behalf of the Umayyad Caliphate. The Moors under the Emir of Cordoba attacked Aquitaine (southwest France) which was Part of the Frankish kingdom, but were defeated and pushed back by Charles Martel. This emirate was independent. By then the Umayyad Caliphate had fallen. The Abbasid Caliphate took over, but did not reach Algeria, Morocco and Spain. Al-Andalus (Moorish Spain) quickly developed a separate identity.
When the western Roman empire collapsed in 476 AD, the unifying force for most of Europe was gone. Along with the loss of the government, much of the engineering abilities and modern amenities were also lost. The Barbarians of Europe did not, for the most part, have the abilities or knowledge to build roads, aqueducts or the other marvels of the Roman Empire, which is why the period immediately after Rome's collapse is often referred to as the "Dark Ages".
In the period between the Roman Empire and the Norman Conquest, the British Isles were invaded and settled by two tribes of people from northern Germany. These tribes were the Angles and the Saxons, and the term Anglo-Saxon refers to the language spoken by them upon moving into Britain.
Panchon Villa....
Europe.
Charlemagne
When the western Roman empire collapsed in 476 AD, the unifying force for most of Europe was gone. Along with the loss of the government, much of the engineering abilities and modern amenities were also lost. The Barbarians of Europe did not, for the most part, have the abilities or knowledge to build roads, aqueducts or the other marvels of the Roman Empire, which is why the period immediately after Rome's collapse is often referred to as the "Dark Ages".
The greatest threat to the kingdoms was from defeat in war. Most of the early kingdoms did not survive, as those that did survive destroyed the others.
Actually, there were more than three. They included kingdoms of the Franks, Burgundians, Visigoths, Suebi, Ostrogoths, Lombards, and Vandals within the area of the old West Roman Empire. In addition, there were Saxons, Frisians, Danes, Carinthians, Bavarians, and others in other parts of continental Europe. There were nearly twenty small Germanic kingdoms in Britain, including Kent, Mercia, Essex, Wessex, Sussex, Northumbria, and East Anglia, which were probably the most important.
The early Germanic kingdoms were characterized by decentralized political structures with a strong emphasis on kinship ties and warrior-based societies. They often engaged in raiding, warfare, and inter-tribal conflicts, which played a central role in their social and political organization. The kingdoms were often fluid and subject to frequent changes in leadership and territorial boundaries.
Freindly
The Franks were one of the western Germanic tribes. The Franks spanned the ancient and early medieval era.
There were several types migrations into Europe in the Early Middle Ages, for different reasons. The most important of these were the Germanic invasions of the migration period, which happened in the period of about 350 to 700 AD, possibly because the Germanic people were pushed off their lands by people farther east. Another reason for Germanic entry into the Roman Empire, however, was the availability of land for farming which went vacant during plagues or wars, coupled with the willingness on the part of Germanic people to serve in the military to protect the borders.Another group of people who moved into continental Europe were Celtic peoples who left Britain because of invasions by the Saxons, Angles, and other people from Jutland and the low countries.Yet another group was refugees from countries that were invaded and taken over in Asia and Africa by Muslim armies.
The early Germanic groups were displaced by Huns, and many tried to integrate into Roman Society. The Norse society, in which the term "Viking" is used similarly to the way we use "Pirate" Had a large amount of landless elite, who had wealth taken from them due to primogeniture. This, combined with no fear of death through there religious beliefs, sent them out to attack randomly,sailing thousands of miles.
The early Germanic groups were displaced by Huns, and many tried to integrate into Roman Society. The Norse society, in which the term "Viking" is used similarly to the way we use "Pirate" Had a large amount of landless elite, who had wealth taken from them due to primogeniture. This, combined with no fear of death through there religious beliefs, sent them out to attack randomly,sailing thousands of miles.
Japan was not a unified country in its early days. There were multiple kingdoms whose enemies were the other kingdoms.
Anglo-Saxons were a population of people that migrated in the early 5th century from continental Europe to the east and south islands. Anglo-Saxons were descended the Germanic tribes.
Many early African kingdoms collapsed because of inter-tribal fighting over leadership.