Criollo or creole people.
Almost complete obliteration of the indigenous people born in the Americas.
Most of the American born are descendants of Europeans, because the USA was once colony of Europe.
These new Latin American countries were born in a mix of conservative nationalism and revolutionary zeal. This mixture still dominates the politics of the region today. Like the American Revolution in the United States, the revolutions in Latin America were more about independence than about social changes. However, the social structure of Latin America was more unequal and feudal than the structure in the English colonies. Spain itself still had a feudal social system, and its colonies were structured in a similar manner.
The criollos, or people of Spanish origin born in the Americas.
At the end of the 17th century, Spain became a declining empire with diminishing revenues and loss of both political and military influence -- especially against other rising powers such as France and Britain. The Bourbon Reforms (1747-1808) changed the colonial system in the Americas to that of an intendancy. These reforms were directed to increase tax revenues, but became very unpopular among the colonies as most intendants were peninsulares, or people born in Spain.This power shift increased unrest among criollos, or people of Spanish ancestry who were born in the Americas, who ultimately attained the support of both Amerindians and mestizos (descendants of interracial marriages between Europeans and Native Americans) to wage war against Spanish rule. In Mexico and Central America, Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811) is considered the starter of such movement, while the South American war of independence was won by liberators Jose de San Martin (1778-1850) and Simon Bolivar (1783-1830).When Napoleon's Army invaded both Spain and Portugal during the Peninsular Wars (1807-1814), most criollos saw the opportunity to secede from the Spanish Empire. By 1825 most of Latin America became independent, with only some last bastions in Mexico, Peru, Chile and Argentina still being loyal to the Spanish Crown. By 1833 even these were defeated, and all attempts of reconquest by Spain had been already thwarted. Finally, in 1836 the Spanish government renounced to the sovereignty over continental America, with the exception of Cuba an Puerto Rico, which were lost during the Spanish-American War (1898).
The descendants of Europeans born in Latin America who lived there permanently were known as criollos or creoles. They were the offspring of European settlers but were born in Latin America, typically held positions of power, and played a significant role in the region's social and political structure.
The creole class in Latin America was those of European or African descent born in Latin America.
The term used to describe Spaniards born in Latin America was "criollos." These individuals were of European descent but born in the American colonies.
Peninsulares: the ruling class in colonial Latin America consisting of native born Spaniards and PortugueseCreoles: people of Spanish or Portuguese descent born in Latin America
The term used in Latin America to describe Latin Americans born in Spain is "españoles" or "españoles nacidos en España". It simply means "Spaniards" or "Spaniards born in Spain."
Latin America
Martin Gramatica
creoles
Mestizo
Those people that were Spanish born would have been against the revolutions of Latin America.
The Colombian Exchange, the exchange of people, plants, animals, culture, ideas, and diseases between Europe and Latin America was both beneficial and harmful. Both continents were able to benefit financially. The natives of Latin America had no natural immunity to many of the diseases brought to Latin America by European colonists. Many became sick and died. Many European colonist also practiced encomienda wherein Latin American natives had to work for the Europeans and practice Christianity in return for food and shelter. Often times, the Native Americans were treated like slaves. A mixing of the cultures and races was also a common practice. Mestizos, people of both European and Native American heritage had very few rights in Latin America. The Peninsulars, those colonists of European heritage and born in Europe had control of the government in Latin America. The Creoles, Europeans born in Latin America did not being subordinate to the Peninsulars and eventually revolted. Military leaders and revolutionaries like Simon Bolivar, Prince Pedro, and Jose de San Martin led South America to freedom from European colonial rule.
Creoles