For AM (amplitude modulation) signals, it is the ratio (x100 of course) of the modulating signal to the carrier signal. presumably FM calculations follow a similar course.
Is important to use as high a percentage modulation as possible while ensuring that overmodulation does not occur. The side bands contain the information and have maximum power at 100% modulation. And AM transmiters attempt to maintain betwen 90 and 95 percent modulation as a compromise between efficiency and the change of drifting into into overmodulation. sources page 76 second paragraph of the MODERN ELECTRONIC COMUNICATION By Jeffrey S.Beasley and Gary M.Miller
On base percentage plus slugging percentage
30.10 into percentage = 3010%30.10 * 100% = 3010%
99
so stuid
Only the amplitude of the audio tone determines the percentage modulation of an FM transmitter
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here is the formula modulation index=peak freq deviation/operating freq. frm this we can calculate freq dev
how to calculate b.ed percentage
how to calculate budget variance percentage?
Is important to use as high a percentage modulation as possible while ensuring that overmodulation does not occur. The side bands contain the information and have maximum power at 100% modulation. And AM transmiters attempt to maintain betwen 90 and 95 percent modulation as a compromise between efficiency and the change of drifting into into overmodulation. sources page 76 second paragraph of the MODERN ELECTRONIC COMUNICATION By Jeffrey S.Beasley and Gary M.Miller
It can be anything at all, from yoctowatts to terawatts. You must state the power output at some modulation index before I can calculate it for some other modulation index. By the way . . . the answer also depends on the method of modulation, which you have not mentioned. For example, with pure FM, the transmitted power doesn't change, regardless of the mod-index.
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By definition, the CFFF is "the highest or lowest temporal frequency, at a given percentage modulation, that can be resolved." (Schwartz, Visual Perception, 3rd ed.) In other words, the limits of distinguishing a flashing light from a steady one (at both the slow and fast end limits). Percentage modulation is calculated using the amplitude of the luminance of the light source, and the time-averaged luminance of said light source. In other words, the difference between the brightest/dimmest points in the cycle, averaged over the speed it takes to vary between the two points. Percentage modulation is used to calculate Relative Sensitivity, which is (1 / Percentage Modulation). For example: A lightbulb powered by Alternating Current (AC) is flickering. This is not visible to the normal human eye for two reasons (both variables in the definition of CFFF.) The temporal frequency of the AC in most American homes is 60Hz. The high temporal frequency cut-off for human sensitivity varies, and some cells are known to be sensitive to frequencies as high as 250 Hz, but for general daytime vision, it is lower than 60Hz. Also, the percentage modulation of a light bulb is low, since the change in brightness of the filament is very small. Relative sensitivity is the inverse of the percentage modulation. For flicker to be visible, a light source must have a relatively large change in level of brightness, and flicker at a rate within the human sensitivity range, somewhere between 2 and 50Hz. By definition, the CFFF is "the highest or lowest temporal frequency, at a given percentage modulation, that can be resolved." (Schwartz, Visual Perception, 3rd ed.) In other words, the limits of distinguishing a flashing light from a steady one (at both the slow and fast end limits). Percentage modulation is calculated using the amplitude of the luminance of the light source, and the time-averaged luminance of said light source. In other words, the difference between the brightest/dimmest points in the cycle, averaged over the speed it takes to vary between the two points. Percentage modulation is used to calculate Relative Sensitivity, which is (1 / Percentage Modulation). For example: A lightbulb powered by Alternating Current (AC) is flickering. This is not visible to the normal human eye for two reasons (both variables in the definition of CFFF.) The temporal frequency of the AC in most American homes is 60Hz. The high temporal frequency cut-off for human sensitivity varies, and some cells are known to be sensitive to frequencies as high as 250 Hz, but for general daytime vision, it is lower than 60Hz. Also, the percentage modulation of a light bulb is low, since the change in brightness of the filament is very small. Relative sensitivity is the inverse of the percentage modulation. For flicker to be visible, a light source must have a relatively large change in level of brightness, and flicker at a rate within the human sensitivity range, somewhere between 2 and 50Hz.
The same way that you calculate any other percentage.
i want to calculate the percentage of mean value of particular data.
AM - Amplitude Modulation FM - Frequency Modulation