The main difference between vinyl and linoleum is that linoleum
is made from natural products while vinyl is purely synthetic. The
color of Linoleum is throughout the material, while the color is
just printed on the surface of vinyl so can wear out in areas of
heavy traffic.
Yes, there are varieties depending on how the banner is
produced. For instance, vinyl banners can be digitally printed or
screenprinted. They can even be hand-painted, though this is rare
now that printing is common and cheap.