Many managed care organizations require referrals from primary care physicians to specialists

Direct care organizations are those that provide care directly to the patient (e.g. hospitals, doctor's offices, laboratories, etc.). Indirect care organizations are those that provide health services to patients, but not directly to a patient (e.g. pharmaceutical companies).

The four types of managed care plans are health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), exclusive provider organizations (EPOs), and point-of-service plans (POS).

disability care in 19th century

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) work in environmental protection, education, and health care.