''Charged particles emitted by the sun'' into space is called solar wind.

Charged atoms are called ions.

Indictment is the process where a person is formally charged with committing a crime. This is a common law concept, and is used throughout the world.

Since you have been charged, there is no statute of limitations.

If you were charged with a felony assault and the charges were dropped, you do not have a criminal record. The charges can be picked up by the state at a later date.