Depends on the solute: alcohol in water is lighter, salt in
water is heavier than water.
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Neither. It doesn't absorb water.
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Yes, sort of. The solutes in solution heavier get settle at
bottome but not the harmful micro-organisms.
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When we mix water and sand, the sand being heavier settles to the bottom of the mixture. This process is called sedimentation and it is used for water purification. The sand or the impurities are called the sediment.
When the solid sediment in a solution. Then the solid is called precipitate and the phenomena so occurred is called precipitation.
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Many elements have this property, including all the alkali
metals and the heavier alkaline earth metals. Also, many compounds
such as sulfuric acid have exothermic heats of solution, but
solution is not technically a "reaction."