Not the rimfires (.22 Short, .22 Long, .22 Long Rifle, .22 Magnum), but centrefire cartridges in the same calibre range (.22-250, .222 Remington, .223 Remington Magnum, .223 Remington, etc.) can be sufficient for coyote.
No. Semiautomatic .22 rimfire rifles may be used for small game, but no semi rifles for deer. See link to Vermont hunting regs, and scroll down.
It can be- for very small game animals- squirrel and rabbit sized. It is too small for deer, and rifles are not used for birds.
Dozens of calibers from .22 up through major hunting calibers.
Yeah there good for coyotes but if possible get something a little bigger like a 223 or a 243 that way there sure to fall
depending on overall condition the savage 22 rifle is as good as (almost) any 22 rifle.
The more power full rifles are good for hunting small game as far as 40 to 50 yards. I have seen them hit targets out to 100 yards.
Mossberg, Savage, Remington, Winchester, Marlin, .22 caliber rifles. They could be lever action, bolt action, pump, or semi auto.
No
It depends on the gun and caliber but most semi-automatic rifles such as the Ruger .22 are legal to hunt with in California.
Generally .22 hunting class air rifles good for hunting squirrels. Those that deliver more the 15 ft lbs can be used for hunting rabbits but you should go for head shots. Some air large bore air guns can deliver considerable force good for coyote or even Wild Bore (the Quackenbush Outlaw). The upcoming Crosman Rouge looks like it will be a good varment hunting rifle out to over 100 yard for coyote or smaller creatures. Note Lewis and Clark had an air gun they used to keep meat on their table.
The cheapest firearms ammunition is .22 rimfire. The Savage, Marlin, Winchester, Ruger and Mossberg rifles are all good rifles. The Savage 93 is a very good bolt action. The Marlin Model 60 and the Ruger 10-22 are very good autoloaders.
Prior to 1968, some inexpensive .22 rifles were not serialized.