Double stars, also called binary stars, are valuable to astronomers because they are the only stars of which astronomers can easily calculate their mass. They are bound to each other by gravity and orbit about a common center. The time it takes for one star to orbit the other depends on the distance between the two stars and their masses.
The masses of the two stars.
Two stars orbiting each other are "binary stars" ...a group of stars near each other, may be formally or informally known as a "cluster".
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There are lots of binary stars. Doing a search on "binary stars" should get you several. It seems that binary (or multiple) stars are about as common as single stars; at least, they are in the same order of magnitude.
If the binary stars were of too high luminosity it would be impossible to distinguish the two through vision alone. Therefore most visual binary stars are of low luminosity.
the orbits of binary stars
Binary what? Binary numbers? Binary stars? Binary fission?
The masses of the two stars.
Binary stars can be any color that stars can be. There's no need for the two stars in a binary to be the same color.
Two stars orbiting each other are "binary stars" ...a group of stars near each other, may be formally or informally known as a "cluster".
Binary stars
Yes all binary stars are part of the star system because all galaxies and universes have stars and you have to have at least two stars for it to be binary stars.
About 50% of all stars are binary stars - they all have different temperatures.
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Binary stars are very useful for determining the mass of the stars and thus any objects orbiting around them.
"Binary" means there are two stars. And "protostar" means the stars are in an early, or preliminary, stage.
By definition, a binary star system has two stars in it.