carbon dioxide increases
The breathing rate in humans is primarily controlled by the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in the blood. Elevated levels of CO2 trigger chemoreceptors that signal the respiratory center in the brain to increase the breathing rate, ensuring that excess carbon dioxide is expelled and oxygen levels are maintained. This regulation helps maintain proper acid-base balance in the body.
polycythemia
An increase in blood volume can lead to elevated blood pressure, which may stimulate chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in the body. This response can trigger an increase in breathing rate and depth to enhance oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal, helping to maintain homeostasis. Additionally, increased blood volume may lead to greater demand for oxygen in tissues, further prompting increased respiratory activity.
The body will stop breathing, and falling oxygen levels will cause unconsciousness. The breathing reflex is driven by detected CO2 levels in the blood. If the level is too high, breathing rate will increase - as far as gasping for breath. If the CO2 level falls too low, the breathing reflex is satisfied and stops. This does not mean the person is unable to breathe, but they just feel no need to. This is a cause of drowning; people who hyperventilate to "flood the lungs with oxygen" are actually dropping their CO2 level, and can fall unconscious while underwater. By the time metabolism raises the CO2 level far enough to engage the breathing reflex, the person is deeply unconscious and cannot surface. In actuality, normal O2 levels in the blood are only a few percent under saturation, and extended heavy breathing does not increase this amount significantly. The lowered CO2 levels do make it more comfortable to hold the breath, at least initially.
An increase in blood pressure, blood volume, or permeability of the filtration barrier would increase net filtration pressure. On the other hand, a decrease in blood pressure, blood volume, or an increase in plasma protein concentration would decrease net filtration pressure.
If the blood concentration of oxygen decreases, the body's chemoreceptors detect this change and send signals to the brain to increase the breathing rate. This helps to bring in more oxygen and expel carbon dioxide to maintain the body's overall oxygen levels.
The breathing rate is determined by the level of the carbon bi oxide. The increase in the concentration, increase the breathing rate. The decrease in the oxygen concentration should do the same thing. But the oxygen is poorly soluble. So it can not affect the breathing centre like the carbon bi oxide. The carbon bi oxide is highly soluble and it also alters the pH of the blood.
The primary chemical stimulus used to control breathing is changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. When carbon dioxide levels increase, it triggers an increase in breathing rate to remove excess carbon dioxide and restore balance.
The primary chemical stimulus for breathing is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. When carbon dioxide levels rise, it triggers the brain to increase the rate and depth of breathing in order to remove excess carbon dioxide and maintain proper pH balance in the body.
Hemoconcentration occurs when there is an increase in the concentration of blood cells as the result of the loss of plasma from the bloodstream. A decrease in volume of plasma and an increase in red blood circulating.
In the absence of oxygen, the build up of carbon dioxide causes and increase in the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood. It is this increase in hydrogen ions that triggers what is basically a pain response, forcing the urge to breath. It may be interesting to also note that some medications increase hydrogen ion concentration, and thereby tend to increase rates of respiration.
With increased breathing, levels of carbon dioxide in the blood drop and levels of oxygen rise.
Carbon dioxide
One can drink coffee to increase blood pressure. Raid breathing can also increase blood pressure.
dyspnea
The receptors that are likely to detect changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the blood are chemoreceptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries. These chemoreceptors detect changes in the pH of the blood and send signals to the brain to regulate breathing heart rate and other bodily functions. The receptors are sensitive to the following: Carbon dioxide concentration Oxygen concentration pH of the bloodThe chemoreceptors are located in the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries and are sensitive to the changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations. When the concentrations of these two gases change the chemoreceptors send signals to the brain which then responds with appropriate adjustments in breathing rate and heart rate.
Epinephrine