"settlement" ... to collect past-due support, yes.
Yes.
Yes
Yes, for past-due support.
The court should certainly take a PI settlement into account.
can a lien be placed against a personal injury award
yes
If you are in default on your child support payments the court can issue an order to seize your award.
Child support enforcement has the right to intercept all kinds of money coming to you and, unfortunately, there is nothing you can do about it. As long as they found out that you have a settlement coming, all they'll do is contact that insurance co and put alien on it.
Only if there are arrears on the child support case and you can convince Child Support Services to garnish the settlement or the bank account of the other parent.
Generally, child support is based on income, not assets.
Not if the settlement is considered income. If there is an existing order of support and arrearages for said support CSE can garnish or levy the settlement monies to pay the arrears.
Yes. If the court finds out about the settlement before it is disbursed.
Only if approved by the court.
All income, benefits, assests are subject to seizure/garnishment for child support and/or child support arrearages. The percentage of such is determined by the laws of the state where the child resides and the rulings of the court.