Yes it can be done that way. Just make sure to use a double-pole breaker to ensure each wire is on an opposite phase.
does a water heater require a ground wire?
Any ground wire has to be connected to an independent ground wire that returns directly to the distribution panel and not to the neutral of the circuit.
No, not really. The two hot legs can be opposite legs of a 120/240 V split phase power source. You still do need a protective earth ground, however, but the heater itself does not require a grounded neutral to run.
It doesnt fool
For an electric water heater on alternating current, there is not 'positive' or 'negative'. There should be terminals labeled hot and neutral, though.
So the tank is grounded.
You do not have to turn the heater on until you are ready to heat the water, some installers put a tee or bypass before the heater so the water does not go thru the heater many do not since the heater is on the clean side of the filter, some people just want a bypass valve their in case the heater fails they can keep the water flowing around the heater, Take the cover off, start the filter up, start vacuumimg, when ready add your chemicals. continue running the filter get your water tested, when you feel you are about ready too swim turn the heater on too warm the water if you desire to.
The water pipe is not properly grounded AND there is a ground fault or neutral imbalance in the house. Alternatively, there could be a neutral problem. In an ideally balanced house, the current on one hot leg balances the current on the other. This means that there is no current on neutral. In practice, there is some imbalance, and that common mode current does flow on neutral. If a circuit has a ground fault, the current return for that circuit is on ground, instead of neutral. That is wrong, and must be corrected. However - neutral and ground ARE connected together at the distribution panel. They are also connected at the street, so imbalance current could flow through ground instead of neutral. How much voltage is dependent on how much impedance. If there is a voltage at the house ground, and no ground fault or major imbalance, it calls into question the adequacy of the ground path, however, it is also possible that neutral is open, causing the imbalance current to flow through ground alone.
Because it is above the line of water (where the water in the ground starts) therefore it doesnt have any water.
Low coolant? Defective thermostat? Heater core plugged, restricted, or air bound Water pump not circulating coolant?
On a 120/240 volt distribution system the ground wire is terminated at the point where the service neutral terminated in the distribution panel. It is usually a double lug the neutral wire connecting into one hole and the ground wire connecting into the other hole. Through this lug assembly there is a machine screw that is inserted through the lug assembly and it screws into the metallic enclosure of the distribution panel. This action bonds the metal enclosure, neutral wire and ground wire bringing the point to a common potential of zero.
This is an indication that your heater core is leaking. To stop the leaking you will have to replace the heater core or stop using your heater.