No you have to have a qualifying person in your home that you provided support for. Unless it is stated in a divorcee decree that they may claim the child only for credit purposes.
the one that has the child at least 51% of the time
The child must have lived with the taxpayer for more than three years.
If your child lived with you but you did not claim it as a dependent you can still file head of household. You have to list the child's name and social security number on your return.
As long as the child is genuinely the dependent of a new person, that person can claim them as a dependent for that year.
In order to claim Head of Household status, you must be unmarried AND you must maintain a home for more than one-half of the year for a qualifying child or another dependent.
The IRS will not allow you to claim a dependent that is not your child unless that child falls into one of the other allowable dependent categories such as stepchild or disabled family member. The penalties for claiming a child who is not your actual dependent according to the law include fines and possible jail time.
No
Claiming a dependent is not dependent on the child support issue but rather on the amount of time the child spends with each parent.
No, absolutely not. It does not make you responsible for anything to the dependent at all.
No, medical expenses for a dependent can only be claimed by the person who is claiming him or her as a dependent.
If they live in your house, legally yes you can claim them. You can also claim a student in college as a dependent up to 21 years of age. So even if your student is paying their entire way, legally they can still be someone's dependent. When the child files their tax returns, they have to put that someone claims them as a dependent, or the IRS may look at why the guardian is also claiming them as a dependent.
the one that has the child at least 51% of the time
The child must have lived with the taxpayer for more than three years.
If your child lived with you but you did not claim it as a dependent you can still file head of household. You have to list the child's name and social security number on your return.
As long as the child is genuinely the dependent of a new person, that person can claim them as a dependent for that year.
If the parent or guardian provides more then half the support of a minor child the child can be claimed as a dependent on the head of household IRS filing. Please note, The SSI benefits cannot be used as a portion of the "half" amount.
Generally, no because he would no longer be providing support for the child nor sharing a household, but there might be cases where the child would still qualify as a dependent for tax purposes. Usually someone else would qualify to claim the child instead.