No - they are very different cartridges.
Yes.
No. Revolvers use the rimmed .357 Magnum cartridge. While there are automatics designed to fire this cartridge (Coonan and Desert Eagle, primarily), it's not the same as the cartridge you had in mind. If you saw a Glock marked '.357', that means it's chambered for the .357 Sig cartridge - not the .357 Magnum. While the .357 Magnum is essentially a lengthened .38 Special, the .357 Sig is an entirely different cartridge, consisting of a .40 S&W casing, necked down to fit a 9mm projectile. The cartridge name is a reflection of the attempts at the designer to come up with an automatic pistol cartridge which could duplicate the performance of the .357 Magnum.
38 Special and .357 Magnum.
no the magnum round is only for revolvers the correct round to use would be the .357 sig
No. The 357 SIG magazine will not fit in a 40 caliber Glock such as the model 22.
No
Only the Coonan Arms .357 and .357 models of the Desert Eagle can do this.
Yes. The 44 magnum can fire 44 special ammo in the same way a .357 magnum can use .38 Special.
Depends on what ammo and what you mean by "stronger".
Yes, you can shoot 38 specials through a .357 magnum revolver.
Yes. All .357 S&W Magnum firearms are capable of firing .38 Special ammunition. The case of the .357 is just slightly longer.
Nope. 357 magnum cartridge is too long, and too powerful.