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Because this arrangement of chemical elements is rational, satisfy the need of classification in chemistry and is very important for the study of chemical and physical properties of chemical elements, including the new discovered or prepared elements.
Chemistry (the etymology of the word has been much disputed)[1] is the science of matter and the changes it undergoes. The science of matter is also addressed by physics, but while physics takes a more general and fundamental approach, chemistry is more specialized, being concerned with the composition, behavior (or reaction), structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.[2] It is a physical science which studies various substances, atoms, molecules, crystals and other aggregates of matter whether in isolation or combination, and which incorporates the concepts of energy and entropy in relation to the spontaneity of chemical processes.Disciplines within chemistry are traditionally grouped by the type of matter being studied or the kind of study. These include inorganic chemistry, the study of inorganic matter; organic chemistry, the study of organic (carbon based) matter; biochemistry, the study of substances found in biological organisms; physical chemistry, the study of chemical processes using physical concepts such as thermodynamics and quantum mechanics; and analytical chemistry, the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical compositionand structure. Many more specialized disciplines have emerged in recent years, e.g. neurochemistry the chemical study of the nervous system
Mostly nothing. There is a nucleus, but that is incredibly tiny, but it controls the properties. Electrons are mostly at the periphery.
Thermal Energy
Mostly between metals and nonmetals. You donate an ion to another atom.
Electrons
I'm pretty sure is is a Compound. A compound is a substance that is made up of more than on element. The properties of matter mostly depend on how atoms of different elements are combined in compounds.
Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal.
No, absolutely not. There are much smaller particles, first Electrons (which are part of reactions), Then Quarks that neutrons and protons are made of (and are part of reactions), and much, much smaller particles after that also are involved in chemical reactions.
Mostly temperature.
Sand, soil, clay particles, and organic matter that mostly comes from decaying plant materials.
The chemical behavior of an atom depends mostly on the number of electrons in its outermost shell.
It doesn't matter too much. Mostly, it will depend on personal taste.
ph of 7, chemical formula is h2o, mostly transparent, polar molecule, absorbes most infrared light
Yes, plasma is generally defined as the 4th state of matter, coming next to solid > liquid > gas > plasma. It is mostly used for properties of matter at extreme high temperature and high density. (nuclear and astro-physics)
Iron keeps its unchanged chemical properties, but in a mixture it might add new, mostly physical properties to the alloy, this is also true for the other elements in the mixture, eg. C or Ni, or Cr in steel alloys.
Mostly good heat insulation properties.