0
33681
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
Surgical management of tetralogy of fallot?
There are two common surgical procedures for treatment of tetralogy of fallot: the Blalock-Tausigg Shunt and a patch. The Blalock-Tausigg Shunt is used to direct more blood flow to the lungs, in order to relieve cyanosis, but it is only meant as a temporary treatment until the patient is stable enough to undergo further treatment. A patch is used, during open heart surgery, to close a ventricular septal defect or atrial septal defect.
Ventricular septal defect?
DefinitionVentricular septal defect describes one or more holes in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart. Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital (present from birth) heart defects. It may occur by itself or with other congenital diseases.Alternative NamesVSD; Interventricular septal defectCauses, incidence, and risk factorsBefore a baby is born, the right and left ventricles of its heart are not separate. As the fetus grows, a wall forms to separate these two ventricles. If the wall does not completely form, a hole remains. This hole is known as a ventricular septal defect, or a VSD.Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects. The baby may have no symptoms, and the hole can eventually close as the wall continues to grow after birth. If the hole is large, too much blood will be pumped to the lungs, leading to heart failure.The cause of VSD is not yet known. This defect often occurs along with other congenital heart defects.In adults, ventricular septal defects are a rare but serious complication of heart attacks. These holes are related to heart attacks and do not result from a birth defect.SymptomsPatients with ventricular septal defects may not have symptoms. However, if the hole is large, symptoms, the baby often has symptoms related to heart failure.The most common symptoms include:Shortness of breathFast breathingHard breathingPalenessFailure to gain weightFast heart rateSweating while feedingFrequent respiratory infectionsSigns and testsListening with a stethoscope usually reveals a heart murmur (the sound of the blood crossing the hole). The loudness of the murmur is related to the size of the defect and amount of blood crossing the defect.Tests may include:Chest x-ray -- looks to see if there is a large heart with fluid in the lungsECG -- shows signs of an enlarged left ventricleEchocardiogram-- used to make a definite diagnosisCardiac catheterization (rarely needed, unless there are concerns of high blood pressure in the lungs)MRI of the heart -- used to find out how much blood is getting to the lungsTreatmentIf the defect is small, no treatment is usually needed. However, the baby should be closely monitored by a health care provider to make sure that the hole eventually closes properly and signs of heart failure do not occur.Babies with a large VSD who have symptoms related to heart failure may need medicine to control the symptoms and surgery to close the hole. Medications may include digitalis (digoxin) and diuretics.If symptoms continue despite medication, surgery to close the defect with a Gore-tex patch is needed. Some VSDs can be closed with a special device during a cardiac catheterization, although this is infrequently done.Surgery for a VSD with no symptoms is controversial. This should be carefully discussed with your health care provider.Expectations (prognosis)Many small defects will close on their own. For those defects that do not spontaneously close, the outcome is good with surgical repair. Complications may result if a large defect is not treated.ComplicationsHeart failureInfective endocarditis (bacterial infection of the heart)Aortic insufficiency (leaking of the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta)Damage to the electrical conduction system of the heart during surgery (causing arrhythmias)Delayed growthand development (failure to thrive in infancy)Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs) leading to failure of the right side of the heartCalling your health care providerMost often, this condition is diagnosed during routine examination of an infant. Call your infant's health care provider if the baby seems to be having difficulty breathing, or if the baby seems to have an unusual number of respiratory infections.PreventionExcept for the case of heart attack associated VSD, this condition is always present at birth.Drinking alcohol and using the antiseizure medicines depakote and dilantin during pregnancy have been associated with increased incidence of VSDs. Other than avoiding these things during pregnancy, there is no known way to prevent a VSD.ReferencesZipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo; WB Saunders; 2007.
Is cpt code 69610 considered to be unilateral or bilateral?
CPT Code 69610 - Bilateral - Tympanic membrane repair, with or without site preparation of perforation for closure, with or without patch
Does the subject and verb agree in this sentence Patch closure of the two defects was carried out?
Yes: the subject is "Patch closure", which is singular, and the verb "was" is also singular, so the subject and verb agree. "Two defects" is plural, but since it is not the subject, but rather the object of a prepositional phrase, it has no effect on the verb.Speaking of subject/verb agreement, the question should begin "Do the subject and verb agree", because the subject is "subject and verb", which is plural, so you need to have a plural verb (do) rather than the singular (does).
What does after patch mean?
It Mean That if a Glitch is patch you can do it after that patch
What do you pick manual patch cumulative patch in crossfire pH?
If you consistently patch whenever there's a new patch just use Manual Patch...But If you did not patch for a long time and you wanted to patch you must use the Cumulative Patch. -[GM]Kali
Why is a vegetable patch called a patch?
It is called a patch because someone decided to call it a patch!
How much Fentanyl is in a Lidocaine dermal patch?
There is no fentanyl in a lidocaine patch. It is a lidocaine patch not a fentanyl patch.
How do you patch this?
First, take your patch. then grab your sewing kit and start to sew your patch to your other patch, you are done.
How do you use the word patch in a sentence?
The word 'patch' is a noun (patch, patches) and a verb (patch, patches, patching, patched).Examples:The patch on your jeans adds character. (noun)They need to patch that crack in the sidewalk. (verb)
What is patch installation?
A patch is a update
How do you install patch 1.1 of cod4?
u cant - Download the patch and patch 1.2. Then install patch 1.2 and it will be done I think
