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For nearby stars, the parallax method is used.
They can determine how fast the star is moving toward or away from us. The chemical spectral signature is used to determine the Doppler shift of the visible light reaching us. This is then used to calculate how fast we and the star in question are moving toward or away from each other.
The star attracts the planet; the planet attracts the star. As a result of the latter, the star changes position. If this change is such that the star moves away from us during one part of the planet's orbit, and towards us at another (or more generally, the star's speed towards us, or away from us, changes slightly), then this can be detected as a Doppler shift.
By looking at the spectrum of its light and finding out which absorbtion lines can be seen. The lines correspond to specific elements in the outer parts of the star.
They use a spectrograph to pass light through a prism to break it the light waves into its constituent colors. Then by looking at what colors are missing they can determine both the temperature and composition of the star.
The star's chemical composition; the star's rotation; pulsations of the star; planets or other invisible objects moving around the star; how quickly the star is moving towards us or away from us.
using a telescope to determine the coordinates of a star
They use a tool called a SPECTROSCOPE.
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the colors and lines in the spectrum of a star indicates the elements that make up a star
The spectral type of a star is what measures its chemical composition. The visible light that bounces off of it can be used to determine the composition.
They can do so by examining the light from the star. Doppler shift can indicate this
its color does determine the temperature of star.
Spectral lines - nn
The speed of relative retreat of the star.
A spectroscope is used to diffuse the light from a star into its spectrum, so that astronomers can analyze the elements that make up the star. The same sort of instrument can be used to analyze the elemental composition of ANYTHING; for terrestrial uses, the instrument is called a spectroGRAPH.