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Diffraction
The number of waves that pass a point in 1 second
Electromagnetic waves
Mechanical waves can't pass through a vacuum. Mechanical waves need something to pass through. Space is generally considered a vacuum, with nothing in it to transmit a mechanical wave.
Sound is a moving along as a wave in the air. The pitch you hear depends on how many waves per second impinge on your ear. When you move towards the source, more waves pass you each second ---> higher pitch. Why do more waves pass you each second when you move toward the source ? Try this: Think of standing at the bottom of an escalator, with the steps coming down toward you. Now, if you start walking up the staircase next to the escalator, the escalator steps will pass you faster ---> more of them each second.
Diffraction
many different reasons. wind can blow across the surface of the water, energy can pass through causing waves,
S-waves can ONLY move through solid rock.
The number of waves that pass a point in 1 second
P-waves are longitudinal / compressional waves and so can pass through both solids (rock) and liquids (magma).
P-waves are faster than s-waves. Both can pass through solid rock, but only p-waves can pass through gases and liquids === ===
Shear waves will not pass through the molten outer core of the Earth.
P-waves are faster than s-waves. Both can pass through solid rock, but only p-waves can pass through gases and liquids === ===
Electromagnetic waves
horizontal waves only
Mechanical waves can't pass through a vacuum. Mechanical waves need something to pass through. Space is generally considered a vacuum, with nothing in it to transmit a mechanical wave.
Secondary waves are transverse or shear waves which are able to pass through solids, but are not able to pass through liquids.