Specific Deterrence
"Recidivism" refers to the tendency for a convicted criminal to reoffend after being released from prison. It is commonly used in the criminal justice system to measure the rate at which offenders return to criminal behavior.
A specific deterrence is a type of deterrence that attempts to persuade the individual before the court not to commit further offences. If offenders are punished severely, they are less likely to repeat their illegal acts.
Specific Deterrence is making an attempt to deter one person from repeating an act. General Deterrence is making an attempt to deter society from engaging in an act. If Joe stole from a store, specific deterrence would be to punish Joe to the point where he wouldn't repeat the act. General deterrence would be to make an example out of Joe, so other people do not steal.
A convicted offenders return to prison for having committed another crime following release
According to the most recent recidivism study by the New York Department of Correctional Services, average recidivism for all felony offenders was approximately 40%. For sexual offenders, recidivism was significantly lower--approximately 4.2% (new offense of 1st degree sexual abuse), 4.2% (1st degree sodomy), 6.4% (1st degree rape), and 7.7% for "other sex offenses." Sexual offenders have a lower rate of recidivism for new sex offenses, but higher rates of recidivism for non-sexual offenses. (See "2004 Releases: Three-Year Post-Release follow-up" published by New York Department of Correctional Services). It should be of interest that the findings in the above-cited report are consistent with findings in earlier studies by the state of New York and studies by other states.
prison sentences don't discourage offenders from criminal activity once released.
The four basic reasons for incarceration are retribution (punishment for the crime committed), deterrence (discouraging individuals from committing crimes), incapacitation (preventing offenders from committing further crimes), and rehabilitation (helping offenders reform and reintegrate into society).
Other nations view imprisonment as a means of punishment and rehabilitation for criminal offenses. The approach to imprisonment varies, with some countries focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration, while others prioritize punishment and deterrence. Ultimately, the goal is to protect society, hold offenders accountable, and hopefully reduce recidivism.
Kevin Borgeson has written: 'Serial offenders' -- subject(s): Recidivists, Murder in mass media, Recidivism
If you haven't been convicted of a sexually oriented offense, then you are NOT a sex offender.
The four functions of corrections are retribution (punishing offenders for their crimes), incapacitation (removing offenders from society to prevent further harm), deterrence (discouraging others from committing crimes), and rehabilitation (helping offenders change their behavior to prevent future criminal activity).
Low risk offenders are individuals who have committed minor offenses and have a low likelihood of re-offending. High risk offenders are individuals who have committed serious offenses and have a high likelihood of re-offending. Risk assessments are used to classify offenders into low, moderate, or high risk categories to help determine appropriate interventions.