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In the early 1670s, Newton was a Cambridge lecturer on optics. He investigated and came to understand basic rules of light composition and activity that had not been documented before.

These included the fact that "white" light is comprised of other colors, which pass through glass at different speeds, so that a prisms and lenses can separate those colors, and can recombine them later.

This was very important for astronomy, because it explained why powerful telescopes produced oddly miscolored images. In demonstrating this, Newton actually built one of the first reflector telescopes, to show that it didn't produce the same distortion of colors.

But Newton was only refining these ideas. Part of his "influence" was in first learning of the ideas behind them from Corpuscular alchemy. That was the idea that some seemingly singular substance, like a material (or light, or even politics) might be comprised of either smaller pieces (like atoms), or even a mixture of smaller components (like the colors of light).

Corpuscular alchemy's specific theories were failures, but its general concept was pivotal to modern science and philosophy.

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