For the 1st 20elements it is generally 8 (just not for boron that is 6)
After that they try to form stable outer shells of different numbers normally 18
When atoms bond but do not share electrons this is known as an ionic bod. Here electrons are donated from one of the atoms to another in order to ensure that both atoms have a full outer shell. E.g. MgO or NaCl
Yes. Metals have lower electronegativities than nonmetals, and they tend to have fewer than four valence electrons, so they are more likely to lose electrons in order to achieve a noble gas configuration and become stable.
Covalent bonds
loses 2 electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration
Atoms combine in order to become stable, which for most atoms means having 8 valence electrons.
The correct answer is: Atoms are often more stable when bonded to other atoms
Atoms in the oxygen family can gain or share two electrons in order to achieve an octet of electrons.
carbon and nitrogen atoms form covalent bonds with one another in order to achieve an octet (8) of valence electrons between them.
Oxygen atoms need to share or gain two electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
When atoms bond but do not share electrons this is known as an ionic bod. Here electrons are donated from one of the atoms to another in order to ensure that both atoms have a full outer shell. E.g. MgO or NaCl
A lone oxygen atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell which is not very stable, whereas as full octet (8 outer shell electrons) is stable. In order to achieve this two oxygen atoms will share 4 electrons, each contributing 2 electrons. Since these electrons exist within the orbitals of both atoms, to oxygen atoms essentially achieve a full octet.
Atoms undergo chemical bonding in order to achieve stable valence shells. In order for oxygen atoms to accomplish this when they bond together, they share two pairs of valence electrons, which is a double bond.
The octet rule.
Atoms transfer electrons, then bond.
Atoms will form chemical bonds with other atoms in order to achieve a full outer energy level, called an octet because it usually means 8 electrons. However, hydrogen undergoes chemical bonding in order to achieve a full outer energy level of 2 electrons because it only contains the first energy level, which can take a maximum of 2 electrons.
A lone chlorine atom has 7 outer shell electrons, 1 electron short of a full outer shell of 8 electrons, which is stable. In order to achieve this full outer shell two chlorine atoms share a pair of electrons, with each atom contributing 1 electron to the pair. By sharing electrons in this manner the chlorine atoms achieve a full outer shell.
Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bonding where atoms share electron pairs in order to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. This type of bonding occurs between non-metal atoms.