Over the same distance the larger diameter wire will have less resistance that the smaller diameter wire.
The thinner the wire, the higher the resistance. The thicker the wire, the resistance decreases. Think of it this way. The thick wire has more room for electrons to jump around, but the thin wire has less room.
the water heater operates at high power compared to the lights and so the water heater requires a larger current. The wires supplying current to the water heater are thicker so that the wires have a low resistance. This reduces the risk of the wires overheating.
Due to the less space available for the electrons to travel across the thinner wire.
Wires themselves don't really consume energy. The only time the power consumption of wires comes into concern is when they are run at long distances. Short distances of wires consume so little energy that the amount is quite negligible. The power loss is due to the conductors heating up as the current flows through them. In your case the thicker wires would cause less resistance to the flow of current and would in turn cause less heating.
The thin wire has more resistance to the flow of electric current than the thick wire. If you connect the wires to a battery the battery will supply electrical pressure (voltage) and the wires serve similar to pipes that conduct water under pressure. A small pipe exhibits more resistance to the flow of water and a thin wire exhibits more resistance to the flow of electrons. However, as you point out different wire materials exhibit different resistances for equal sizes (silver conducts better than copper, etc.).
Thicker nylon is strong than thinner nylon. This is because thicker nylon has more fibers than thinner nylon, and therefore more fibers that would have to rip before there is a hole in the fabric. The more fibers, the stronger the fabric is.
I'm not sure what you mean by "thicker resistance" wire? The thicker or more diameter of a wire the less resistance it has. A larger diameter wire would produce less heat. More resistance would produce more heat.
The thinner a piece of wire, the more the resistance and the less space there is. The thicker the wire, the more space there is and the more current is allowed into the wire. This allows the fuse to melt later.
The thinner a piece of wire, the more the resistance and the less space there is. The thicker the wire, the more space there is and the more current is allowed into the wire. This allows the fuse to melt later.
That is called the weight.
Because the the outer walls of the bigger arteries are thicker. the thinner the wall the more transparent it is. Because the the outer walls of the bigger arteries are thicker. the thinner the wall the more transparent it is.
The amount of heat something can dissipate into the air depends greatly on the size of it's surface area. This is why the thinner filament will burn more than the thicker part, because the thin part can not dissipate the heat as quickly. Filaments are in the past, get LED bulbs.