Whenever iis used to state yourself, it should be I, and not just at the start of a sentence. I is a personal pronoun, and should always be I, not i. For example. I was told I had to work late today.
If you are talking about something with the title of gold, silver or iron like a book or a film then, yes, you would capitalize it but if you are only talking about the metal then, no, you wouldn't.
Talking about an unidentified chief I would not capitalize the word, but if I was using it as a title of a specific person, such as Chief Wiggum, I would capitalize it.
If it is the first word in a sentence, or if you are talking about the Lord Mayor (London's).
You only capitalize cancer when you are talking about a specific type of cancer. An example of this would be, my dog has Bone Cancer. However, saying my dog has cancer, is correct because in this case you are talking about cancer in general, not a specific type of cancer.
Quotation marks are not used when you are talking to yourself. The only exception is that you are quoting yourself as a reference.
You capitalize Huntington
Yes, always.
No
If you are talking about it as a field of study you would capitalize it, but if you say I study math in general then not capitalized
Yes, always if you are talking about a specific star. (i am an earth science teacher)
If you are talking about the building in Washington, yes. If you are talking about a five-sided geometrical figure, no.
YES
Capitalize your 'I'. I have no idea what you're talking about.
I honestly Don't know
When you are talking about a specific university, you should capitalize it as a proper noun. When you are talking about universities as place, you can leave it lowercase. Which university does she go to? She goes to Stanford University.
If you are talking about father's in general, then no. You only capitalize it when you are talking about your specific father or the lord.
If you are talking about something with the title of gold, silver or iron like a book or a film then, yes, you would capitalize it but if you are only talking about the metal then, no, you wouldn't.