It isn't necessary to take any action for a completed artwork to be protected. Copyright protection is free and automatic, as soon as work of sufficient originality is "fixed in a tangible medium, perceptible to human eye, machine reader or other device".
If you want the additional protection a formally registered copyright can afford, contact the copyright office in your country for the proper procedure and attendant fee structure.
In most countries copyright is free, instantaneous and automatic.
No, your copyright is automatically applied once the work is created in a tangible form, such as written, recorded, etc.
A person who infringes copyright can be sued by the copyright owner and taken to court. A court can order a number of things such as, the infringer must pay compensation and pay the copyrights owners costs. In some cases the infringer can be charged by the police and can be ordered to pay a fine as little as $200 or as much as $150 000, or in serious cases the infringer can be jailed.
Yes you do.
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The songs are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are fixed (written down or recorded), but if you wish to register them with the copyright office, yes, you can register a group of works under one application.
If you violate copyright laws, you may face legal consequences such as fines, lawsuits, and having to pay damages to the copyright owner. In some cases, you could also be subject to criminal charges. It is important to respect copyright laws to avoid these penalties.
If you are quoting someone else, yes you will need to contact them and set up a contract where you pay them for the use of their words. If you are talking about your own copyright, it takes effect the minute you write the book - you don't need to pay anything because it is something you created. Other people pay you for using it.
Copyright means that the book or writing or song belongs to the copyright holder. Anyone using or posting the copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright holder can be held to pay for the unauthorized use of the material. George Harrison had to pay because My Sweet Lord had the same melody as She Is So Fine. Using copyrighted material can lead to fines, loss of a job, and dismissal from school.
You may use copyright protected material when you are the copyright holder, or when you have permission from the rightsholder or an exemption in the law. The most notable exemption is fair use or fair dealing, which allows certain limited unlicensed uses in situations such as education and commentary.
If you are negotiating for a license to use someone else's work, there may be a fee.