By the Persian king Xerxes.
The Persian Empire .
Athena's owl.
Athens became part of Greek resistance to Persian expansion, originally a couple of dozen cities, and then growing to a couple of hundred.
No, they wanted to use Athens as a base, so they contented themselves with destroying the walls, and breaking the statues of the gods in retaliation for the Athenians having destroyed the Persian gods in the Persian provincial city of Sardis in Asia Minor when Athenian forces had invaded it 18 years earlier during the Ionian revolt.
Persian War I, Persian War II, The Peloponnesean War, The Macedonian War, …
The first Persian invasion of Greece was during the Persian Wars in 492 BCE. It was ordered by the Persian King Darius I to punish the city-states of Athens and Eretria.
during the greeco-persian war...
During the Persian invasion of mainland Greece, the Greeks destroyed the Persian navy, and in the third phase of the 50-year war, their navy dominated the seas, enabling them to win the sea-land operation against Persia for the next 30 years until the Persians gave up and agreed to peace.
Sparta and Athens were amongst a large number of Greek city-states which opposed the Persian invasion.
Pericles was a leader of Athens who was responsible for rebuilding Athens following the Persian Wars. He was also leader of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, but he died of the plague that ravaged the city.
The Parthenon was built as a temple to the Greek goddess, Athena, believed by the people of Athens to be their protector. It was built between the years 447 and 432BC on the site of an older temple also dedicated to Athena and destroyed during the Persian invasion of 480BC.
After the Persian War, when Athens converted the Delian League, which it had led during the war, into an empire of its own and reaped the profits - a golden age indeed.