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The most usual types of affix in the English language are prefixes and suffixes. However, a number of different types of affix, such as circumfixes and infixes, exist in other languages.

Prefixes are added (or affixed) to the beginning of words, adding meaning to the beginning of words. Some examples of prefixes are;

pre- meaning before, as in prefix, prescient, predict, preposition, preface, prelude

im- a prefix negating the positive meaning of a word and thus giving it opposite meaning, as in impossible, immature, immaculate, improper, implacable, immeasurable

-in another positive meaning negator, as in incoherent, incomprehensible, incomplete, incontrovertible, inexpensive, insuperable, inexpugnable

-ex meaning out or outside of, as in exit, expiscate, extraordinary, expurgate

con- meaning with or together, as in concomitant, converse, conspire

contra- means against, as in contradict

circum- means around, as in circumnavigate, circumfererence, circumspect

anti- meaning against, as in antidisestablishmentarianism, antipathy, antivenom

ante- meaning before, as in antediluvian

Suffixes are added, or affixed, to the ends of words, adding meaning to the ends of words. Some examples of suffixes are;

-phobia meaning fear of, as in arachnophobia, claustrophobia, hippopotomonstrosesquipedialophobia

-mania meaning extreme or excessive liking of, as in pyromania, dipsomania, egomania, megalomania

-ful meaning with, full of or containing, as in careful, lawful, woeful, wrathful

-ness means the condition of, as in strangeness, wilderness, lawlessness, happiness

-less meaning without, as in expressionless, lawless, fruitless, timeless

The inflections which give the tense, if they come at the end of a word, are also suffixes, such as -ing or -ed, in singing, chanting, falling, sleeping, playing, laughing and closed, opened, chewed, aggravated, achieved.

Arabic apparently has an affix called a circumfix, if it adds a few letters to both ends of a word.

The African language of isiXhosa makes use of the infix, an affix that adds itself in the middle of a word. -ya- as an infix, interestingly does not seem to carry any meaning at all, as in Ndiyabaleka (I am running). The Ndi means I and the baleka means run. What then of the ya? Other infixes of course do carry meaning.

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What is a word to which affixes may be added to create related words?

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Studying different affixes is important because it helps you understand how words are formed in a language. By learning about prefixes, suffixes, and root words, you can expand your vocabulary, improve your reading and writing skills, and communicate more effectively. Additionally, recognizing and using affixes correctly can help you decipher the meaning of unfamiliar words.


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Is everything a prefix?

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