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firewall functions by acting on traffic based on it's policy. A policy is comprised of a set of rules. A rule is an action taken on traffic that fit a certain criteria. A single rule is comprised of four basic elements:
- Source
- This is where the IP traffic is coming from and is comprised of the following
- Single IP address or multiple IP addresses
- One or more networks in the form of a network ID and subnet mask
- A combination of IP addresses and Network addresses
- Destination
- This is where the IP traffic is going to and is comprised of the following
- Single IP address or multiple IP addresses
- One or more networks in the form of a network ID and subnet mask
- A combination of IP addresses and Network addresses
- Service
- This is the type of protocol that the traffic is using and is comprised of the following
- One or more destination TCP ports
- One or more destination UDP ports
- A group or combination of destination TCP and UDP ports
- Although source port can be limited to a certain range, it is generally left wide open. It is the destination port that is primarily specified.
- Action
- The administrator chooses from the following options if all the above three criteria match
- Reject the traffic
- Drop the traffic
- Permit the traffic
- Encrypt the traffic on IPSEC VPN capable firewalls
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