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Russia sent the first probe Venera 1 in 1961.

The first successful Venus probe was NASA's Mariner 2, which confirmed its high surface temperatures In 1966

Venera 3 became the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet when it crash-landed on Venus.

Its successor Venera 4 succeeded in returning data during its descent, reporting that the atmosphere of Venus was 95% carbon dioxide and the surface pressure around 100 times greater than on Earth.

Venera 7 made the first successful soft landing in 1970.

In 1975, Venera 9 and 10 were the first spacecraft to enter an orbit around Venus, each also dispatching a lander to the surface.

They were followed by several other NASA and Soviet orbiter/lander missions during the late 1970s and 1980s, including Veneras 11 through 16, Pioneer Venus, and Vega.

Between 1990 and 1994, NASA's Magellan orbiter mapped 98% of the surface using radar.

The European Space Agency's Venus Express arrived in orbit around the planet in 2006, and is currently studying its atmosphere and surface characteristics.

Akatsuki was launched on May 20, 2010, by JAXA, and will enter Venusian orbit in December 2010.

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