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The previously decided cases are called precedents. The US Supreme Court "opinion of the Court" (the official decision in a case) sets a binding precedent, meaning all other courts are supposed to adhere to the Supreme Court's legal or constitutional interpretation (are "bound" by the decision) when deciding future cases.

Using a previous court decision to support your case is called citing precedent.

The doctrine encouraging the use of precedents is stare decisis (Latin: let the decision stand).

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